Mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell injury and defense in glaucoma

Glaucoma is a disease in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die leading ultimately to blindness. Over the past decade and a half, information has begun to emerge regarding specific molecular responses of the retina to conditions of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It is now clear that the state...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental eye research 2010-07, Vol.91 (1), p.48-53
Main Authors: Qu, Juan, Wang, Danyi, Grosskreutz, Cynthia L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - physiology
Blindness
calcineurin
Calcineurin - physiology
calpain
Calpain - physiology
caspase
Caspases - physiology
Cell Survival - physiology
Cytoprotection
Eye
Glaucoma
Glaucoma - pathology
Humans
Injuries
Neuroprotection
Pressure
Retina
Retinal ganglion cells
Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology
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Summary:Glaucoma is a disease in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die leading ultimately to blindness. Over the past decade and a half, information has begun to emerge regarding specific molecular responses of the retina to conditions of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It is now clear that the state of the RGC in glaucoma depends on a balance of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in the retina and details of these responses are still being worked out. In this review, we will discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of specific apoptotic cascades as well as the insults that trigger RGC apoptosis. In addition, we will present evidence supporting the existence of endogenous protective mechanisms as well as exogenous neuroprotective strategies.
ISSN:0014-4835
1096-0007
DOI:10.1016/j.exer.2010.04.002