The endolysosomal system in cell death and survival

The endocytic pathway is a system specialized for the uptake of compounds from the cell microenvironment for their degradation. It contains an arsenal of hydrolases, including proteases, which are normally enclosed in membrane-bound organelles, but if released to the cytosol can initiate apoptosis s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 2013-01, Vol.5 (1), p.a008755-a008755
Main Authors: Repnik, Urška, Česen, Maruša Hafner, Turk, Boris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis - physiology
Autophagy
Cell Membrane Permeability
Cell Survival
Cellular Microenvironment
Endocytosis - physiology
Lysosomes - physiology
Models, Biological
Signal Transduction
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Summary:The endocytic pathway is a system specialized for the uptake of compounds from the cell microenvironment for their degradation. It contains an arsenal of hydrolases, including proteases, which are normally enclosed in membrane-bound organelles, but if released to the cytosol can initiate apoptosis signaling pathways. Endogenous and exogenous compounds have been identified that can mediate destabilization of lysosomal membranes, and it was shown that lysosomal proteases are not only able to initiate apoptotic signaling but can also amplify the apoptotic pathways initiated in other cellular compartments. The endocytic pathway also receives cargo destined for degradation via the autophagic pathway. By recycling energy and biosynthetic substrates, and by degrading damaged organelles and molecules, the endocytic system assists the autophagic system in resisting apoptotic stimuli. Steps leading to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent triggering of cell death as well as the therapeutic potential of intervention in lysosomal membrane permeabilization will be discussed.
ISSN:1943-0264
1943-0264
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a008755