Pathogenic role of mast cells in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease characterized by esophageal intraepithelial eosinophils, extracellular eosinophil granule deposition, induced mast cell accumulation, and epithelial cell hyperplasia. However, the processes involved in the development of a number of these...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of physiology: Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2013-06, Vol.304 (12), p.G1087-G1094
Main Authors: Niranjan, Rituraj, Mavi, Parm, Rayapudi, Madhavi, Dynda, Scott, Mishra, Anil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergens - immunology
Allergies
Animals
Aspergillus fumigatus - immunology
Cell Enlargement
Cells
Disease Models, Animal
Eosinophilic Esophagitis - etiology
Eosinophilic Esophagitis - pathology
Eosinophils - pathology
Esophagus
Esophagus - pathology
Hyperplasia - pathology
Inflammation/Immunity/Mediators
Mast Cells - pathology
Mice
Mucous Membrane - pathology
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - pathology
Pathogenesis
Rodents
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Summary:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease characterized by esophageal intraepithelial eosinophils, extracellular eosinophil granule deposition, induced mast cell accumulation, and epithelial cell hyperplasia. However, the processes involved in the development of a number of these characteristics are largely unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis whether induced mast cell accumulation in the esophagus has a role in promoting EoE pathogenesis. Accordingly, we induced experimental EoE in wild-type mice, mast cell-deficient WWv mice, and mast cell-reconstituted WWv mice. We report that esophageal mast cell numbers increase in parallel with eosinophils in a dose- and time-dependent manner following the induction of allergen-induced EoE. The induced mast cells are localized in the esophageal lamina propria and muscular mucosa but have no influence on promoting esophageal eosinophilia. The 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation analysis indicated that mast cells have a significant role in muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. In addition, the wild-type and mast cell-reconstituted WWv mice showed a comparable number of BrdU⁺ cells in the esophageal muscular mucosa following allergen-induced EoE. In conclusion, we provide for the first time direct evidence that mast cell promotes muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy and may have a significant role in promoting esophageal functional abnormalities in EoE.
ISSN:0193-1857
1522-1547
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00070.2013