Metabolic dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as cardiac disease independent of vascular complications during diabetes. The number of new cases of DCM is rising at epidemic rates in proportion to newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the world. DCM is a heart failure syndrome found i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Heart failure reviews 2014, Vol.19 (1), p.35-48
Main Authors: Isfort, Michael, Stevens, Sarah C. W., Schaffer, Stephen, Jong, Chian Ju, Wold, Loren E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cardiology
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies - complications
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies - metabolism
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies - physiopathology
Energy Metabolism
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases - etiology
Metabolic Diseases - metabolism
Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology
Oxidative Stress
Prognosis
Ventricular Function - physiology
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Summary:Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as cardiac disease independent of vascular complications during diabetes. The number of new cases of DCM is rising at epidemic rates in proportion to newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the world. DCM is a heart failure syndrome found in diabetic patients that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction, occurring in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. DCM and other diabetic complications are caused in part by elevations in blood glucose and lipids, characteristic of DM. Although there are pathological consequences to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the combination of the two metabolic abnormalities potentiates the severity of diabetic complications. A natural competition exists between glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the heart that is regulated by allosteric and feedback control and transcriptional modulation of key limiting enzymes. Inhibition of these glycolytic enzymes not only controls flux of substrate through the glycolytic pathway, but also leads to the diversion of glycolytic intermediate substrate through pathological pathways, which mediate the onset of diabetic complications. The present review describes the limiting steps involved in the development of these pathological pathways and the factors involved in the regulation of these limiting steps. Additionally, therapeutic options with demonstrated or postulated effects on DCM are described.
ISSN:1382-4147
1573-7322
DOI:10.1007/s10741-013-9377-8