PET studies in nonhuman primate models of cocaine abuse: Translational research related to vulnerability and neuroadaptations

• Published in: Neuropharmacology 2014-09, Vol.84, p.138-151
• Main Authors: Gould, Robert W., Duke, Angela N., Nader, Michael A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiopathology; Cocaine - administration & dosage; Cocaine-Related Disorders - diagnostic imaging; Cocaine-Related Disorders - physiopathology; Cognition - drug effects; Cognition - physiology; D2-like receptors; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopamine - metabolism; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Humans; Nonhuman primates; PET imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Primates; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences
• ISSN: 0028-3908; 1873-7064
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.02.004

The current review highlights the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study the neurobiological substrates underlying vulnerability to cocaine addiction and subsequent adaptations following chronic cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primate models of cocaine abuse. Environmental (e.g., social rank) and sex-specific influences on dopaminergic function and sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine are discussed. Cocaine-related cognitive deficits have been hypothesized to contribute to high rates of relapse and are described in nonhuman primate models. Lastly, the long-term consequences of cocaine on neurobiology are discussed. PET imaging and longitudinal, within-subject behavioral studies in nonhuman primates have provided a strong framework for designing pharmacological and behavioral treatment strategies to aid drug-dependent treatment seekers. Non-invasive PET imaging will allow for individualized treatment strategies. Recent advances in radiochemistry of novel PET ligands and other imaging modalities can further advance our understanding of stimulant use on the brain. This article is part of the Special Issue Section entitled ‘Neuroimaging in Neuropharmacology’. ► Strengths of combining monkey models of cocaine abuse with PET imaging. ► PET imaging has identified sex and menstrual cycle differences in brain function. ► Chronic cocaine use affects cognitive performance and brain function in monkeys. ► Brain imaging of cocaine use can help identify novel treatment strategies.