Platelet Activation and Platelet-Monocyte Aggregate Formation Contribute to Decreased Platelet Count During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pig-tailed Macaques

Platelets are key participants in innate immune responses to pathogens. As a decrease in circulating platelet count is one of the initial hematologic indicators of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we sought to determine whether decline in platelet number during acute infection results f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2013-09, Vol.208 (6), p.874-883
Main Authors: Pate, Kelly A. Metcalf, Lyons, Claire E., Dorsey, Jamie L., Shirk, Erin N., Queen, Suzanne E., Adams, Robert J., Gama, Lucio, Morrell, Craig N., Mankowski, Joseph L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autoantibodies
Autoantibodies - immunology
Biological and medical sciences
Blood
Blood plasma
Blood Platelets - immunology
Blood Platelets - virology
CD40 Ligand - metabolism
Cell Aggregation
Disease Models, Animal
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genes, MHC Class I
HIV
HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunity, Innate
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inoculation
Macaca
Major and Brief Reports
Male
Medical sciences
Megakaryocytes
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Monocytes
Monocytes - immunology
Monocytes - virology
P-Selectin - metabolism
Platelet Activation
Platelet Count
Platelets
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - pathology
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Swine
Virology
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Summary:Platelets are key participants in innate immune responses to pathogens. As a decrease in circulating platelet count is one of the initial hematologic indicators of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we sought to determine whether decline in platelet number during acute infection results from decreased production, increased antibody-mediated destruction, or increased platelet activation in a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model. During acute SIV infection, circulating platelets were activated with increased surface expression of P-selectin, CD40L and major histocompatibility complex class I. Platelet production was maintained and platelet autoantibodies were not detected during acute infection. Concurrent with a decrease in platelet numbers and an increase in circulating monocytes, platelets were found sequestered in plateletmonocyte aggregates, thereby contributing to the decline in platelet counts. Because the majority of circulating CD16⁺ monocytes formed complexes with platelets during acute SIV infection, a decreased platelet count may represent platelet participation in the innate immune response to HIV.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jit278