Regulation of Atherosclerosis and Associated Risk Factors by Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors

Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite that has an anti-inflammatory effect across the vasculature. Extracellular adenosine activates 4 G-protein coupled receptors (A1, A3, A2A, and A2B) whose expression varies in different cells and tissues, including the vasculature and blood cells. Higher levels o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current atherosclerosis reports 2012-10, Vol.14 (5), p.460-468
Main Authors: Koupenova, Milka, Johnston-Cox, Hillary, Ravid, Katya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine - metabolism
Angiology
Animals
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Cardiology
Clinical Trials and Their Interpretations (J Plutzky
Foam Cells - metabolism
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Myocardial Infarction - metabolism
Receptors, Purinergic P1 - metabolism
Risk Factors
Section Editor
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Summary:Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite that has an anti-inflammatory effect across the vasculature. Extracellular adenosine activates 4 G-protein coupled receptors (A1, A3, A2A, and A2B) whose expression varies in different cells and tissues, including the vasculature and blood cells. Higher levels of adenosine are generated during stress, inflammation, and upon tissue damage. Some of the adenosine receptors (AR), such as the A2BAR, are further up-regulated following such stresses. This review discusses the role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the development of atherosclerosis and some of the risk factors associated with this pathology. These include adenosine receptor-regulated changes in atherosclerosis, blood pressure, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Potential therapeutic applications are reviewed, as well as reasons for phenotypic differences occasionally observed between receptor knockout and pharmacological inhibition via drug administration.
ISSN:1523-3804
1534-6242
DOI:10.1007/s11883-012-0263-y