Urinary delta-ALA: A potential biomarker of exposure and neurotoxic effect in rats co-treated with a mixture of lead, arsenic and manganese

•Co-treatment with Pb, As and Mn led to behavioral toxicity greater than upon each single metal treatment.•Total delta-ALA urinary levels in metal co-treated rats is greater than the additive effect.•Urinary delta-ALA in the metal co-treated group correlates with brain delta-ALA and behavioral toxic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurotoxicology (Park Forest South) 2013-09, Vol.38, p.33-41
Main Authors: Andrade, Vanda, Mateus, M. Luísa, Batoréu, M. Camila, Aschner, Michael, dos Santos, A.P. Marreilha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminolevulinic Acid - metabolism
Aminolevulinic Acid - urine
Animals
Arsenic - toxicity
Arsenic - urine
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - urine
Brain - metabolism
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Delta-aminolevulinic acid
Lead - toxicity
Lead - urine
Lead, arsenic and manganese
Male
Manganese - toxicity
Manganese - urine
Medical sciences
Metal mixtures
Metals and various inorganic compounds
Motor Activity - drug effects
Neurotoxicity
Rats
Toxicology
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Summary:•Co-treatment with Pb, As and Mn led to behavioral toxicity greater than upon each single metal treatment.•Total delta-ALA urinary levels in metal co-treated rats is greater than the additive effect.•Urinary delta-ALA in the metal co-treated group correlates with brain delta-ALA and behavioral toxicity.•Urinary delta-ALA levels represent a sensitive biomarker of exposure/neurotoxic effect to this metal mixture. Lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) are neurotoxic elements that often occur in mixtures for which practically no information is available on biomarkers (BMs) for the evaluation of exposure/effects. Exposures to these metals may increase delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA), which in itself may potentiate neurotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of urinary delta-ALA (delta-ALA-U) levels as BM of exposure and/or neurotoxic effects induced by this mixture. Five groups of Wistar rats were treated for 8 days with Pb (5mg/kg), As (60mg/L), Mn (10mg/kg), the 3-metal mixture (same doses of the single metals), and control group. Motor activity was evaluated and 24-h urine collected before and after the treatment. 24-hours (h) after the last dose, the rats were sacrificed and the brains removed for analyses. Delta-ALA and metal levels were determined in brain and urine. Co-treated rats showed a significant (p
ISSN:0161-813X
1872-9711
DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.003