The relationship between 30-year developmental patterns of body fat and body fat distribution and its vascular properties: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Although body fat and body fat distribution are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it is unknown whether specific 30-year developmental patterns of body fat are associated with CVDs. This study examines the existence of distinct developmental patterns of total fat m...

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Published in:Nutrition & diabetes 2013-09, Vol.3 (9), p.e90-e90
Main Authors: Wijnstok, N J, Serné, E H, Hoekstra, T, Schouten, F, Smulders, Y M, Twisk, J W R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
692/699/2743/393
692/699/75
Clinical Nutrition
Diabetes
Epidemiology
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
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Summary:Introduction: Although body fat and body fat distribution are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it is unknown whether specific 30-year developmental patterns of body fat are associated with CVDs. This study examines the existence of distinct developmental patterns of total fat measured by the sum of four skinfolds (S4SFs) and body fat distribution measured by the skinfold thickness ratio (SFratio), and relates these patterns to micro- and macrovascular functions. Methods: In 2006, 259 apparently healthy subjects were examined on micro- and macrovascular functions, using video microscopy and carotid ultrasound sonography. Body fat, using both S4SFs and SFratio, was measured for 10 times over 30 years, from 13 years onwards. Latent class growth analyses (LCGA) were used to obtain distinct developmental patterns of S4SFs and SFratio. This is a data-drive hypothesis-generating approach and could possibly give a new perspective on body fatness over time. In addition, a mixed-method approach is used to obtain individual growth parameters. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of these patterns and individual growth parameters with micro- and macrovascular functions. Results: LCGA identified normal and unfavourable developmental patterns in S4SFs and SFratio. Both men and women with an unfavourable developmental pattern of S4SFs showed impaired carotid compliance ( β =−0.216, P =0.004 and β =−0.109, P =0.039, respectively), carotid distensibility ( β =−5.078, P =0.001 and β =−5.118, P
ISSN:2044-4052
2044-4052
DOI:10.1038/nutd.2013.31