Medication use during pregnancy, with particular focus on prescription drugs: 1976-2008

• Published in: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2011-07, Vol.205 (1), p.51.e1-51.e8
• Main Authors: Mitchell, Allen A., MD, Gilboa, Suzanne M., PhD, Werler, Martha M., ScD, Kelley, Katherine E., MPH, RPh, Louik, Carol, ScD, Hernández-Díaz, Sonia, MD, DrPH
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Congenital Abnormalities - epidemiology; epidemiology; Female; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; Medical sciences; medications; Nonprescription Drugs - administration & dosage; Obstetrics and Gynecology; over-the-counter medications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prescription Drugs - administration & dosage; prescription medications; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0002-9378; 1097-6868
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.029

Objective The objective of the study was to provide information on overall medication use throughout pregnancy, with particular focus on the first trimester and specific prescription medications. Study Design The study design included the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, 1976-2008, and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2003, which together interviewed more than 30,000 women about their antenatal medication use. Results Over the last 3 decades, first-trimester use of prescription medication increased by more than 60%, and the use of 4 or more medications more than tripled. By 2008, approximately 50% of women reported taking at least 1 medication. Use of some specific medications markedly decreased or increased. Prescription medication use increased with maternal age and education, was highest for non-Hispanic whites, and varied by state. Conclusion These data reflect the widespread and growing use of medications by pregnant women and reinforce the need to study their respective fetal risks and safety.