Epidemiologic Features of Kawasaki Disease in Japan: Results of the 2009-2010 Nationwide Survey

Background: Although the number of patients and incidence rate of Kawasaki disease (KD) are increasing in Japan, the most recent epidemiologic features of KD are not known. Methods: The 21st nationwide survey of KD was conducted in 2011 and included patients treated for the disease in 2009 and 2010....

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Published in:Journal of epidemiology 2012, Vol.22 (3), p.216-221
Main Authors: Nakamura, Yosikazu, Yashiro, Mayumi, Uehara, Ritei, Sadakane, Atsuko, Tsuboi, Satoshi, Aoyama, Yasuko, Kotani, Kazuhiko, Tsogzolbaatar, Enkh-Oyun, Yanagawa, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aneurysms
Cardiovascular disease
Epidemiology
Immunoglobulins
Infectious Disease
Lymphatic system
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Summary:Background: Although the number of patients and incidence rate of Kawasaki disease (KD) are increasing in Japan, the most recent epidemiologic features of KD are not known. Methods: The 21st nationwide survey of KD was conducted in 2011 and included patients treated for the disease in 2009 and 2010. Hospitals specializing in pediatrics, and hospitals with a total of 100 or more beds and a pediatric department, were asked to report all patients with KD during the 2 survey years. Results: A total of 1445 departments and hospitals reported 23 730 KD patients (10 975 in 2009 and 12 755 in 2010): 13 515 boys and 10 215 girls. The annual incidence rates were 206.2 and 239.6 per 100 000 children aged 0 to 4 years in 2009 and 2010, respectively; the 2010 rate was the highest ever reported in Japan. Monthly number of patients peaked during winter to spring months; lower peaks were noted during summer months. However, the seasonal patterns in 2009 and 2010 differed from those of previous years. The age-specific incidence rate had a monomodal distribution, with a peak during the latter half of the year of birth. The prevalences of cardiac lesions during acute KD and cardiac sequelae were higher among infants and older age groups. Despite a decrease in prevalence, the proportion of patients with giant coronary aneurysms--the most severe sequela of KD--did not substantially decrease. Conclusions: The incidence rate and number of patients with KD continue to increase in Japan. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0917-5040
1349-9092
DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20110126