Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for post‐myocardial infarction cardiac repair: microRNAs as novel regulators

• Published in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2012-04, Vol.16 (4), p.657-671
• Main Authors: Wen, Zhuzhi, Zheng, Shaoxin, Zhou, Changqing, Yuan, Woliang, Wang, Jingfeng, Wang, Tong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Bone marrow; Bone Marrow Cells - cytology; Bone marrow transplantation; Bone remodeling; cardiac repair; Cell Differentiation; Communication; Gene expression; Heart attacks; Humans; Inflammation; mesenchymal stem cell; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology; microRNA; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - physiology; MicroRNAs - therapeutic use; miRNA; Mortality; Muscle contraction; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Infarction - surgery; Myocardium; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Neurogenesis; Paracrine signalling; Regeneration; Reviews; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem cells; Transcription factors; Tumors; Vascularization
• ISSN: 1582-1838; 1582-4934
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01471.x

•  Introduction •  MiRNAs and MSC differentiation into cardiovascular cells ‐  MiRNAs and MSC differentiation into CMCs ‐  MiRNAs and MSC differentiation into vascular cells •  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated paracrine effects ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated endogenous       cardiac regeneration ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated cardiac contractility ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated neovascularization ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effect ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated anti‐apoptotic effect ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated anti‐remodelling effect ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated cardiac metabolic effect •  MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated other potential effects ‐  MiRNAs and MSC‐related cardiac neurogenesis ‐  MiRNAs and MSC anti‐arrhythmic potential •  Preconditioning MSCs with MiRNAs as therapeutic perspectives •  Future directions and concluding remarks Transplantation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is safe and may improve cardiac function and structural remodelling in patients following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular cell differentiation and paracrine effects to promote endogenous cardiac regeneration, neovascularization, anti‐inflammation, anti‐apoptosis, anti‐remodelling and cardiac contractility, may contribute to MSC‐based cardiac repair following MI. However, current evidence indicates that the efficacy of MSC transplantation was unsatisfactory, due to the poor viability and massive death of the engrafted MSCs in the infarcted myocardium. MicroRNAs are short endogenous, conserved, non‐coding RNAs and important regulators involved in numerous facets of cardiac pathophysiologic processes. There is an obvious involvement of microRNAs in almost every facet of putative repair mechanisms of MSC‐based therapy in MI, such as stem cell differentiation, neovascularization, apoptosis, cardiac remodelling, cardiac contractility and arrhythmias, and others. It is proposed that therapeutic modulation of individual cardiovascular microRNA of MSCs, either mimicking or antagonizing microRNA actions, will hopefully enhance MSC therapeutic efficacy. In addition, MSCs may be manipulated to enhance functional microRNA expression or to inhibit aberrant microRNA levels in a paracrine manner. We hypothesize that microRNAs may be used as novel regulators in MSC‐based therapy in MI and MSC transplantation by microRNA regulation may represent promising therapeutic strategy for MI patients in the future.