Normal sequential changes in neutrophil CD64 expression after total joint arthroplasty

• Published in: Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2013-11, Vol.18 (6), p.949-954
• Main Authors: Katoh, Narutaka, Nishimura, Keita, Kawabata, Chisato, Hotta, Yuuko, Nakamura, Shigeru, Matsushita, Takashi, Nishino, Jinju, Matsui, Toshihiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - methods; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - methods; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Neutrophils - metabolism; Original; Original Article; Orthopedics; Postoperative Complications - blood; Postoperative Complications - diagnosis; Postoperative Period; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Prosthesis-Related Infections - blood; Prosthesis-Related Infections - diagnosis; Receptors, IgG - blood; Rheumatology; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0949-2658; 1436-2023
• DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0451-9

Neutrophil CD64 has been reported to be a sensitive and specific infection marker. Its measurement is thus considered to be useful in early diagnosis of post-operative periprosthetic infection. However, even its normal sequential changes after non-infectious total joint arthroplasty have remained ambiguous. Accordingly, we analyzed 2-week sequential neutrophil CD64 expression changes after total joint arthroplasty in order to clarify its normal postoperative kinetics. From 41 patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasties, peripheral blood samples were obtained at 1day before (baseline) and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14days after surgery, and CD64 expression per cell was quantitatively measured. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell count (WBC) were simultaneously measured. No cases of postoperative local infection were observed. Levels of CD64 significantly elevated from day 1, peaked at day 3, and decreased significantly following day 5. Statistical analysis confirmed that significant differences existed between the baseline level and the levels at days 1 and 3, while no significant differences existed between the baseline level and those at days 5, 7 or 14. In 17 patients, CD64 peaked at over 2,000 molecules/cell, the level reported to be a cutoff value for distinguishing infection. Multiple regression analysis showed that the sole parameter of baseline CD64 level significantly explained the peak CD64 level. Postoperative CD64 peaks ranged from 1.6 to 2.7 times (median 1.9) the baseline levels. CRP, ESR and WBC also showed rapid elevations and all but WBC remained significantly higher than baseline at day 14. CD64 levels rise significantly, peaking within about 3days following normal total joint arthroplasty, but decrease rapidly to near baseline within about 5days. The data obtained can be expected to form a possible basis for early diagnosis of postoperative periprosthetic infection.