Emerging mechanisms of glutathione-dependent chemistry in biology and disease

ABSTRACT Glutathione has traditionally been considered as an antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress. Hence, the loss of reduced glutathione and formation of glutathione disulfide is considered a classical parameter of oxidative stress that is increased in diseases. Recent studies h...

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Published in:Journal of cellular biochemistry 2013-09, Vol.114 (9), p.1962-1968
Main Authors: Janssen-Heininger, Yvonne M. W., Nolin, James D., Hoffman, Sidra M., van der Velden, Jos L., Tully, Jane E., Lahue, Karolyn G., Abdalla, Sarah T., Chapman, David G., Reynaert, Niki L., van der Vliet, Albert, Anathy, Vikas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biotin - metabolism
BIOTIN SWITCH
GLUTAREDOXIN-1
Glutaredoxins - metabolism
Glutathione - metabolism
Humans
Oxidation-Reduction
PROTEIN S-GLUTATHIONYLATION
REDOX
Sulfhydryl Compounds - metabolism
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Summary:ABSTRACT Glutathione has traditionally been considered as an antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress. Hence, the loss of reduced glutathione and formation of glutathione disulfide is considered a classical parameter of oxidative stress that is increased in diseases. Recent studies have emerged that demonstrate that glutathione plays a more direct role in biological and pathophysiological processes through covalent modification to reactive cysteines within proteins, a process known as S‐glutathionylation. The formation of an S‐glutathionylated moiety within the protein can lead to structural and functional modifications. Activation, inactivation, loss of function, and gain of function have all been attributed to S‐glutathionylation. In pathophysiological settings, S‐glutathionylation is tightly regulated. This perspective offers a concise overview of the emerging field of protein thiol redox modifications. We will also cover newly developed methodology to detect S‐glutathionylation in situ, which will enable further discovery into the role of S‐glutathionylation in biology and disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1962–1968, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISSN:0730-2312
1097-4644
DOI:10.1002/jcb.24551