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Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial
Background The erythrocyte membrane content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which constitutes the omega‐3 index (O3I), predicts cardiovascular disease mortality. The amount of EPA+DHA needed to achieve a target O3I is poorly defined, as are the determinants of the O3I...
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| Published in: | Journal of the American Heart Association 2013-12, Vol.2 (6), p.e000513-n/a |
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| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | e000513 |
| container_title | Journal of the American Heart Association |
| container_volume | 2 |
| creator | Flock, Michael R. Skulas‐Ray, Ann C. Harris, William S. Etherton, Terry D. Fleming, Jennifer A. Kris‐Etherton, Penny M. |
| description | Background
The erythrocyte membrane content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which constitutes the omega‐3 index (O3I), predicts cardiovascular disease mortality. The amount of EPA+DHA needed to achieve a target O3I is poorly defined, as are the determinants of the O3I response to a change in EPA+DHA intake. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of the O3I response to EPA+DHA supplementation in healthy adults, specifically identifying factors that determine the response.
Methods and Results
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in 115 healthy men and women. One of 5 doses (0, 300, 600, 900, 1800 mg) of EPA+DHA was given daily as placebo or fish oil supplements for ≈5 months. The O3I was measured at baseline and at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the groups at baseline. The O3I increased in a dose‐dependent manner (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1161/JAHA.113.000513 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>wiley_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3886744</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>JAH3367</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5047-804f4415fb8953d5cbb4ef319c213f21f6eee2778d4aa56799cccc7b139492b83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc1q3DAUhUVJaEKSdXdFLzCJfm2ri4CZZJqWwEB-1ka2rzMqtmQkpcVZ5Q1S6BvmSarB7ZCuqo2OuN89V5eD0AdKTinN6NnX8qpMip8SQiTl79AhIyJfKFWQvTf6AJ2E8C0xJGM5l-o9OmCCSVYIeYheLiCCH4zVNgbsOnzpp7jxrpki4PUAD_r1-SfHKx3jhMvGtHjpbAQbsbH4BsLobAAcHV6ZsMFr0-Pbx3HsYUiIjsbZT7jEFy7A6_OvHX6jbesG8wSzm3d9n-SdN7o_Rvud7gOc_LmP0P3q8m55tbhef_6yLK8XjdzuVRDRCUFlVxdK8lY2dS2g41Q1jPKO0S4DAJbnRSu0llmuVJNOXlOuhGJ1wY_Q-ew7PtYDtE36rtd9NXozaD9VTpvq34o1m-rBfa94UWS5EMngbDZovAvBQ7frpaTaxlNt40mKV3M8qePj25E7_m8YCRAz8MP0MP3Pb_vmPMv5b5mOn1A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial</title><source>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central(OpenAccess)</source><creator>Flock, Michael R. ; Skulas‐Ray, Ann C. ; Harris, William S. ; Etherton, Terry D. ; Fleming, Jennifer A. ; Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Flock, Michael R. ; Skulas‐Ray, Ann C. ; Harris, William S. ; Etherton, Terry D. ; Fleming, Jennifer A. ; Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
The erythrocyte membrane content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which constitutes the omega‐3 index (O3I), predicts cardiovascular disease mortality. The amount of EPA+DHA needed to achieve a target O3I is poorly defined, as are the determinants of the O3I response to a change in EPA+DHA intake. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of the O3I response to EPA+DHA supplementation in healthy adults, specifically identifying factors that determine the response.
Methods and Results
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in 115 healthy men and women. One of 5 doses (0, 300, 600, 900, 1800 mg) of EPA+DHA was given daily as placebo or fish oil supplements for ≈5 months. The O3I was measured at baseline and at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the groups at baseline. The O3I increased in a dose‐dependent manner (P<0.0001), with the dose of EPA+DHA alone accounting for 68% (quadratic, P<0.0001) of the variability in the O3I response. Dose adjusted per unit body weight (g/kg) accounted for 70% (linear, P<0.0001). Additional factors that improved prediction of treatment response were baseline O3I, age, sex, and physical activity. Collectively, these explained 78% of the response variability (P<0.0001).
Conclusions
Our findings validate the O3I as a biomarker of EPA+DHA consumption and identify additional factors, particularly body weight, that can be used to tailor EPA+DHA recommendations to achieve a target O3I.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2047-9980</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-9980</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000513</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24252845</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Administration, Oral ; Adult ; blood cell ; Body Weight ; Dietary Supplements ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage ; Docosahexaenoic Acids - blood ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood ; Erythrocytes - drug effects ; Erythrocytes - metabolism ; fatty acids ; Female ; fish oil ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; nutrition ; Original Research ; Pennsylvania ; Time Factors ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Heart Association, 2013-12, Vol.2 (6), p.e000513-n/a</ispartof><rights>2013 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.</rights><rights>2013 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell. 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5047-804f4415fb8953d5cbb4ef319c213f21f6eee2778d4aa56799cccc7b139492b83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5047-804f4415fb8953d5cbb4ef319c213f21f6eee2778d4aa56799cccc7b139492b83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886744/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886744/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,11562,27924,27925,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252845$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Flock, Michael R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skulas‐Ray, Ann C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, William S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etherton, Terry D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleming, Jennifer A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</creatorcontrib><title>Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial</title><title>Journal of the American Heart Association</title><addtitle>J Am Heart Assoc</addtitle><description>Background
The erythrocyte membrane content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which constitutes the omega‐3 index (O3I), predicts cardiovascular disease mortality. The amount of EPA+DHA needed to achieve a target O3I is poorly defined, as are the determinants of the O3I response to a change in EPA+DHA intake. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of the O3I response to EPA+DHA supplementation in healthy adults, specifically identifying factors that determine the response.
Methods and Results
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in 115 healthy men and women. One of 5 doses (0, 300, 600, 900, 1800 mg) of EPA+DHA was given daily as placebo or fish oil supplements for ≈5 months. The O3I was measured at baseline and at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the groups at baseline. The O3I increased in a dose‐dependent manner (P<0.0001), with the dose of EPA+DHA alone accounting for 68% (quadratic, P<0.0001) of the variability in the O3I response. Dose adjusted per unit body weight (g/kg) accounted for 70% (linear, P<0.0001). Additional factors that improved prediction of treatment response were baseline O3I, age, sex, and physical activity. Collectively, these explained 78% of the response variability (P<0.0001).
Conclusions
Our findings validate the O3I as a biomarker of EPA+DHA consumption and identify additional factors, particularly body weight, that can be used to tailor EPA+DHA recommendations to achieve a target O3I.</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>blood cell</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Docosahexaenoic Acids - blood</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Drug Combinations</subject><subject>Drug Dosage Calculations</subject><subject>Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fish oil</subject><subject>Healthy Volunteers</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>metabolism</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>nutrition</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Pennsylvania</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2047-9980</issn><issn>2047-9980</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1q3DAUhUVJaEKSdXdFLzCJfm2ri4CZZJqWwEB-1ka2rzMqtmQkpcVZ5Q1S6BvmSarB7ZCuqo2OuN89V5eD0AdKTinN6NnX8qpMip8SQiTl79AhIyJfKFWQvTf6AJ2E8C0xJGM5l-o9OmCCSVYIeYheLiCCH4zVNgbsOnzpp7jxrpki4PUAD_r1-SfHKx3jhMvGtHjpbAQbsbH4BsLobAAcHV6ZsMFr0-Pbx3HsYUiIjsbZT7jEFy7A6_OvHX6jbesG8wSzm3d9n-SdN7o_Rvud7gOc_LmP0P3q8m55tbhef_6yLK8XjdzuVRDRCUFlVxdK8lY2dS2g41Q1jPKO0S4DAJbnRSu0llmuVJNOXlOuhGJ1wY_Q-ew7PtYDtE36rtd9NXozaD9VTpvq34o1m-rBfa94UWS5EMngbDZovAvBQ7frpaTaxlNt40mKV3M8qePj25E7_m8YCRAz8MP0MP3Pb_vmPMv5b5mOn1A</recordid><startdate>201312</startdate><enddate>201312</enddate><creator>Flock, Michael R.</creator><creator>Skulas‐Ray, Ann C.</creator><creator>Harris, William S.</creator><creator>Etherton, Terry D.</creator><creator>Fleming, Jennifer A.</creator><creator>Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201312</creationdate><title>Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial</title><author>Flock, Michael R. ; Skulas‐Ray, Ann C. ; Harris, William S. ; Etherton, Terry D. ; Fleming, Jennifer A. ; Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5047-804f4415fb8953d5cbb4ef319c213f21f6eee2778d4aa56799cccc7b139492b83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>blood cell</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Docosahexaenoic Acids - blood</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Drug Combinations</topic><topic>Drug Dosage Calculations</topic><topic>Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fish oil</topic><topic>Healthy Volunteers</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>metabolism</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>nutrition</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Pennsylvania</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Flock, Michael R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skulas‐Ray, Ann C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, William S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etherton, Terry D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleming, Jennifer A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Free Backfiles(OpenAccess)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Heart Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Flock, Michael R.</au><au>Skulas‐Ray, Ann C.</au><au>Harris, William S.</au><au>Etherton, Terry D.</au><au>Fleming, Jennifer A.</au><au>Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Heart Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Heart Assoc</addtitle><date>2013-12</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>2</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e000513</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e000513-n/a</pages><issn>2047-9980</issn><eissn>2047-9980</eissn><abstract>Background
The erythrocyte membrane content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which constitutes the omega‐3 index (O3I), predicts cardiovascular disease mortality. The amount of EPA+DHA needed to achieve a target O3I is poorly defined, as are the determinants of the O3I response to a change in EPA+DHA intake. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model of the O3I response to EPA+DHA supplementation in healthy adults, specifically identifying factors that determine the response.
Methods and Results
A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in 115 healthy men and women. One of 5 doses (0, 300, 600, 900, 1800 mg) of EPA+DHA was given daily as placebo or fish oil supplements for ≈5 months. The O3I was measured at baseline and at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the groups at baseline. The O3I increased in a dose‐dependent manner (P<0.0001), with the dose of EPA+DHA alone accounting for 68% (quadratic, P<0.0001) of the variability in the O3I response. Dose adjusted per unit body weight (g/kg) accounted for 70% (linear, P<0.0001). Additional factors that improved prediction of treatment response were baseline O3I, age, sex, and physical activity. Collectively, these explained 78% of the response variability (P<0.0001).
Conclusions
Our findings validate the O3I as a biomarker of EPA+DHA consumption and identify additional factors, particularly body weight, that can be used to tailor EPA+DHA recommendations to achieve a target O3I.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24252845</pmid><doi>10.1161/JAHA.113.000513</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Administration, Oral Adult blood cell Body Weight Dietary Supplements Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage Docosahexaenoic Acids - blood Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Double-Blind Method Drug Combinations Drug Dosage Calculations Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood Erythrocytes - drug effects Erythrocytes - metabolism fatty acids Female fish oil Healthy Volunteers Humans Male metabolism Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis nutrition Original Research Pennsylvania Time Factors Young Adult |
| title | Determinants of Erythrocyte Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Content in Response to Fish Oil Supplementation: A Dose–Response Randomized Controlled Trial |
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