Feeling lonely versus being alone: loneliness and social support among recently bereaved persons

Despite increases in social support following widowhood, loneliness is among the most frequently reported challenges of bereavement. This analysis explores the dynamic relationship between social support and loneliness among recently bereaved older adults. Using longitudinal data from "Living A...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2014-01, Vol.69 (1), p.85-94
Main Authors: Utz, Rebecca L, Swenson, Kristin L, Caserta, Michael, Lund, Dale, deVries, Brian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Bereavement
Elderly
Family - psychology
Female
Friends - psychology
Friendship
Grief
Humans
Intervention
Loneliness
Loneliness - psychology
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Psychological Tests
Social Dynamics
Social Support
Social Systems
Special
Time Factors
Widowhood
Widowhood - psychology
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Summary:Despite increases in social support following widowhood, loneliness is among the most frequently reported challenges of bereavement. This analysis explores the dynamic relationship between social support and loneliness among recently bereaved older adults. Using longitudinal data from "Living After Loss" (n = 328), latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate changes in loneliness and social support during the first year and a half of bereavement among older adults aged 50+. Both loneliness and social support declined over the first year and a half of bereavement. Greater social support was associated with lower levels of loneliness overall, but the receipt of social support did not modify one's expression of loneliness over time. Loneliness was more highly correlated with support from friends than family. Together, social support from both friends and family accounted for 36% of the total variance in loneliness. There is conceptual and empirical overlap between the concepts of loneliness and social support, but results suggest that loneliness following widowhood cannot be remedied by interventions aimed only at increasing social support. Social support, especially that from friends, appears to be most effective if it is readily accessible and allows the newly bereaved an opportunity to express him/herself.
ISSN:1079-5014
1758-5368
DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbt075