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Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes
Abstract Three of the most consistently reported and powerful predictors of depression are a recent major life event, a positive family history for depression, and a personal history of past depressive episodes. Little research, however, has evaluated the inter-relations among these predictors in de...
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Published in: | Journal of psychiatric research 2014-02, Vol.49, p.90-95 |
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description | Abstract Three of the most consistently reported and powerful predictors of depression are a recent major life event, a positive family history for depression, and a personal history of past depressive episodes. Little research, however, has evaluated the inter-relations among these predictors in depressed samples. Such information is descriptively valuable and potentially etiologically informative. In the present article we summarize the existing literature and test four predictions in a sample of 62 clinically depressed individuals: (1) participants who experienced a major life event prior to onset would be less likely than participants who did not experience a major life event to have a positive family history for depression; (2) participants with a recent major life event would have fewer lifetime episodes of depression than would participants without; (3) participants with a positive family history for depression would have more lifetime episodes of depression than would participants with a negative family history for depression; and (4) we would obtain a 3-way interaction in which participants with a positive family history and without a major life event would have the most lifetime episodes, whereas participants with a negative family history and a major life event would have the fewest lifetime episodes. The first three predictions were confirmed, and the fourth prediction partially confirmed. These novel findings begin to elucidate the complex relations among these three prominent risk factors for depression, and point to avenues of research that may help illuminate the origins of depressive episodes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.005 |
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Little research, however, has evaluated the inter-relations among these predictors in depressed samples. Such information is descriptively valuable and potentially etiologically informative. In the present article we summarize the existing literature and test four predictions in a sample of 62 clinically depressed individuals: (1) participants who experienced a major life event prior to onset would be less likely than participants who did not experience a major life event to have a positive family history for depression; (2) participants with a recent major life event would have fewer lifetime episodes of depression than would participants without; (3) participants with a positive family history for depression would have more lifetime episodes of depression than would participants with a negative family history for depression; and (4) we would obtain a 3-way interaction in which participants with a positive family history and without a major life event would have the most lifetime episodes, whereas participants with a negative family history and a major life event would have the fewest lifetime episodes. The first three predictions were confirmed, and the fourth prediction partially confirmed. These novel findings begin to elucidate the complex relations among these three prominent risk factors for depression, and point to avenues of research that may help illuminate the origins of depressive episodes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3956</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1379</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24308926</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPYRA3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - psychology ; Family Health ; Family histories ; Family history ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Life events ; Life stress ; Major depressive disorder ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Mood disorders ; Personal history ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological - diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Stressful life events ; Vulnerability ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of psychiatric research, 2014-02, Vol.49, p.90-95</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-612eca1cb3d0e1c1089a43c7eb6fe80aa0364c3d5983e19c75bd3f97b6d90d223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-612eca1cb3d0e1c1089a43c7eb6fe80aa0364c3d5983e19c75bd3f97b6d90d223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,31000</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28064205$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24308926$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Monroe, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slavich, George M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gotlib, Ian H</creatorcontrib><title>Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes</title><title>Journal of psychiatric research</title><addtitle>J Psychiatr Res</addtitle><description>Abstract Three of the most consistently reported and powerful predictors of depression are a recent major life event, a positive family history for depression, and a personal history of past depressive episodes. Little research, however, has evaluated the inter-relations among these predictors in depressed samples. Such information is descriptively valuable and potentially etiologically informative. In the present article we summarize the existing literature and test four predictions in a sample of 62 clinically depressed individuals: (1) participants who experienced a major life event prior to onset would be less likely than participants who did not experience a major life event to have a positive family history for depression; (2) participants with a recent major life event would have fewer lifetime episodes of depression than would participants without; (3) participants with a positive family history for depression would have more lifetime episodes of depression than would participants with a negative family history for depression; and (4) we would obtain a 3-way interaction in which participants with a positive family history and without a major life event would have the most lifetime episodes, whereas participants with a negative family history and a major life event would have the fewest lifetime episodes. The first three predictions were confirmed, and the fourth prediction partially confirmed. These novel findings begin to elucidate the complex relations among these three prominent risk factors for depression, and point to avenues of research that may help illuminate the origins of depressive episodes.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Family Health</subject><subject>Family histories</subject><subject>Family history</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Change Events</subject><subject>Life events</subject><subject>Life stress</subject><subject>Major depressive disorder</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Personal history</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Recurrence</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Stressful life events</subject><subject>Vulnerability</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0022-3956</issn><issn>1879-1379</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks-O0zAQhyMEYpeFV0C-IHFpmbEdJ-awEqz4J1XiwHK2XGeydUnjYKeV-jY8C0-GQ0sXuOyefJhvfh57vqJgCHMEVK_W8_WQ9m7lI6U5BxRzxDlA-aA4x7rSMxSVflicA3A-E7pUZ8WTlNYAUHGUj4szLgXUmqvzwix8SyyNOSgx2zestRvf7dnKpzHEPWtDZA0NU9mH_jW7XhHbhIaiHX1_w2LoiIX254_BpvEE7ojR4FPG0tPiUWu7RM-O50Xx9f2766uPs8XnD5-u3ixmTpV6nCnk5Cy6pWiA0GGezkrhKlqqlmqwFoSSTjSlrgWhdlW5bESrq6VqNDSci4vi8pA7bJcbahz1Y7SdGaLf2Lg3wXrzb6X3K3MTdkZorKWYAl4eA2L4vqU0mo1PjrrO9hS2yWApUVeqLuEeqJC1qEXey90oqkrmlZZ3o1Ln9QmuplnrA-piSClSe3ongpkEMWtzK4iZBDGIJguSW5___U-nxj9GZODFEbDJ2a6Ntnc-3XI1KMl_B709cJS3uvMUTXKeekdNvtONpgn-PtNc_hfiOt_7fO832lNah23sszUGTeIGzJdJ6MlnFABCShC_AEIY9Vw</recordid><startdate>20140201</startdate><enddate>20140201</enddate><creator>Monroe, Scott M</creator><creator>Slavich, George M</creator><creator>Gotlib, Ian H</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140201</creationdate><title>Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes</title><author>Monroe, Scott M ; Slavich, George M ; Gotlib, Ian H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c659t-612eca1cb3d0e1c1089a43c7eb6fe80aa0364c3d5983e19c75bd3f97b6d90d223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Family Health</topic><topic>Family histories</topic><topic>Family history</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Life events</topic><topic>Life stress</topic><topic>Major depressive disorder</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Personal history</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Recurrence</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - psychology</topic><topic>Stressful life events</topic><topic>Vulnerability</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Monroe, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slavich, George M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gotlib, Ian H</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of psychiatric research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Monroe, Scott M</au><au>Slavich, George M</au><au>Gotlib, Ian H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of psychiatric research</jtitle><addtitle>J Psychiatr Res</addtitle><date>2014-02-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>49</volume><spage>90</spage><epage>95</epage><pages>90-95</pages><issn>0022-3956</issn><eissn>1879-1379</eissn><coden>JPYRA3</coden><abstract>Abstract Three of the most consistently reported and powerful predictors of depression are a recent major life event, a positive family history for depression, and a personal history of past depressive episodes. Little research, however, has evaluated the inter-relations among these predictors in depressed samples. Such information is descriptively valuable and potentially etiologically informative. In the present article we summarize the existing literature and test four predictions in a sample of 62 clinically depressed individuals: (1) participants who experienced a major life event prior to onset would be less likely than participants who did not experience a major life event to have a positive family history for depression; (2) participants with a recent major life event would have fewer lifetime episodes of depression than would participants without; (3) participants with a positive family history for depression would have more lifetime episodes of depression than would participants with a negative family history for depression; and (4) we would obtain a 3-way interaction in which participants with a positive family history and without a major life event would have the most lifetime episodes, whereas participants with a negative family history and a major life event would have the fewest lifetime episodes. 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subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Depression Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - psychology Family Health Family histories Family history Female Humans Life Change Events Life events Life stress Major depressive disorder Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Mood disorders Personal history Predictive Value of Tests Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Recurrence Risk Factors Stress, Psychological - diagnosis Stress, Psychological - psychology Stressful life events Vulnerability Young Adult |
title | Life stress and family history for depression: The moderating role of past depressive episodes |
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