Breaking bad: Manipulation of the host response by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Recent metagenomic and mechanistic studies are consistent with a new model of periodontal pathogenesis. This model proposes that periodontal disease is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community rather than by a select few bacteria traditionally known as “periopathogens.” Low‐abund...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of immunology 2014-02, Vol.44 (2), p.328-338
Main Authors: Hajishengallis, George, Lamont, Richard J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Coinfection - immunology
Coinfection - pathology
Dysbiosis
Dysbiosis - immunology
Dysbiosis - pathology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immune subversion
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Manipulation
P. gingivalis
Pathogenesis
Periodontal Diseases - immunology
Periodontal Diseases - pathology
Periodontitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - immunology
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Summary:Recent metagenomic and mechanistic studies are consistent with a new model of periodontal pathogenesis. This model proposes that periodontal disease is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community rather than by a select few bacteria traditionally known as “periopathogens.” Low‐abundance bacteria with community‐wide effects that are critical for the development of dysbiosis are now known as keystone pathogens, the best‐documented example of which is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we review established mechanisms by which P. gingivalis interferes with host immunity and enables the emergence of dysbiotic communities. We integrate the role of P. gingivalis with that of other bacteria acting upstream and downstream in pathogenesis. Accessory pathogens act upstream to facilitate P. gingivalis colonization and co‐ordinate metabolic activities, whereas commensals‐turned pathobionts act downstream and contribute to destructive inflammation. The recent concepts of keystone pathogens, along with polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis, have profound implications for the development of therapeutic options for periodontal disease.
ISSN:0014-2980
1521-4141
DOI:10.1002/eji.201344202