Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR): review of phenotype associated with KIF11 mutations

Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR) (MIM No.152950) is a rare autosomal dominant condition for which a causative gene has recently been identified. Mutations in the kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene have now been described in 16 families wor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2014-07, Vol.22 (7), p.881-887
Main Authors: Jones, Gabriela E, Ostergaard, Pia, Moore, Anthony T, Connell, Fiona C, Williams, Denise, Quarrell, Oliver, Brady, Angela F, Spier, Isabel, Hazan, Filiz, Moldovan, Oana, Wieczorek, Dagmar, Mikat, Barbara, Petit, Florence, Coubes, Christine, Saul, Robert A, Brice, Glen, Gordon, Kristiana, Jeffery, Steve, Mortimer, Peter S, Vasudevan, Pradeep C, Mansour, Sahar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cohort Studies
Diagnosis
Edema
Epilepsy
Family
Female
Genes
Genetic screening
Genetics
Genotype & phenotype
Heart
Hospitals
Humans
Intellectual disabilities
Intellectual Disability - genetics
Kinesin
Kinesins - genetics
Lymphatic system
Lymphedema
Lymphedema - genetics
Male
Microcephaly
Microcephaly - genetics
Microencephaly
Mutation
Penetrance
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Retinal Diseases - genetics
Reviews
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Summary:Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR) (MIM No.152950) is a rare autosomal dominant condition for which a causative gene has recently been identified. Mutations in the kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene have now been described in 16 families worldwide. This is a review of the condition based on the clinical features of 37 individuals from 22 families. This report includes nine previously unreported families and additional information for some of those reported previously. The condition arose de novo in 8/20 families (40%). The parental results were not available for two probands. The mutations were varied and include missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice site and are distributed evenly throughout the KIF11 gene. In our cohort, 86% had microcephaly, 78% had an ocular abnormality consistent with the diagnosis, 46% had lymphoedema, 73% had mild-moderate learning difficulties, 8% had epilepsy, and 8% had a cardiac anomaly. We identified three individuals with KIF11 mutations but no clinical features of MCLMR demonstrating reduced penetrance. The variable expression of the phenotype and the presence of mildly affected individuals indicates that the prevalence may be higher than expected, and we would therefore recommend a low threshold for genetic testing.
ISSN:1018-4813
1476-5438
DOI:10.1038/ejhg.2013.263