Evaluation of the Influence of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms on Alcohol Elimination Rates in African Americans

• Published in: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research clinical and experimental research, 2014-01, Vol.38 (1), p.51-59
• Main Authors: Marshall, Vanessa J., Ramchandani, Vijay A., Kalu, Nnenna, Kwagyan, John, Scott, Denise M., Ferguson, Clifford L., Taylor, Robert E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; African Americans - genetics; African Descent Population; Alcohol Dehydrogenase - genetics; Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms; Alcohol Drinking - genetics; Alcohol Drinking - metabolism; Alcohol Elimination Rate; Alcoholism - diagnosis; Alcoholism - genetics; Alcoholism - metabolism; Breath Alcohol Clamping; Breath tests; Breath Tests - methods; Ethanol - administration & dosage; Ethanol - metabolism; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics; Sib Pair Analysis; Siblings; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0145-6008; 1530-0277
• DOI: 10.1111/acer.12212

Introduction The relationship between alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms and alcohol use disorders in populations of African descent has not been clearly established. This study examined the effect of ADH1B polymorphisms on alcohol metabolism and subjective response, following intravenous (IV) alcohol administration, and the influence of gender, recent drinking history, and family history of alcoholism (FHA), in nondependent African American drinkers. Materials The sample included eighty‐seven 21‐ to 35‐year‐old, light social drinkers of African descent. Participants included 39 sib pairs, 2 sibships with 3 siblings each, and 3 individuals who were not part of a sibship. Participants received infusions via the use of the clamp method that refers to the goal of controlling breath alcohol concentration in 2 randomized sessions at 0.06 g% ethanol and 0 mg% (placebo), and a battery of subjective scales at predefined time points. Dependent measures included alcohol elimination rates (AERs), alcohol disappearance rates (ADRs), subjective measures peak scores, and area under the curve. General linear model and mixed models were performed to examine the relationship between ADH1B genotype, dependent measures, and influence of covariates. Results Participants with ADH1B1/1 genotypes showed higher number of drinks (p = 0.023) and drinks per drinking day (p = 0.009) compared with the persons with ADH1B1/3 genotype. AER (adjusted for body weight) was higher in ADH1B*1 homozygotes (p = 0.045) compared with ADH1B1/3 heterozygotes. ADR differed significantly between males and females (p = 0.002), regardless of body weight (p = 0.004) and lean body mass (p