Inverse Associations Between Perceived Racism and Coronary Artery Calcification

Purpose To evaluate whether racial discrimination is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in African-American participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Methods The study included American Black men (n = 571) and women (n = 791) aged 33 to 45...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of epidemiology 2012-03, Vol.22 (3), p.183-190
Main Authors: Everage, Nicholas J., PhD, Gjelsvik, Annie, PhD, McGarvey, Stephen T., PhD, MPH, Linkletter, Crystal D., PhD, Loucks, Eric B., PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
African Americans
African Americans - psychology
African Americans - statistics & numerical data
Coronary Artery Disease - ethnology
Coronary Artery Disease - psychology
Coronary Disease
European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology
European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data
Female
Humans
Internal Medicine
Linear Models
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Perception
Prejudice
Risk Factors
United States - epidemiology
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Summary:Purpose To evaluate whether racial discrimination is associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in African-American participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Methods The study included American Black men (n = 571) and women (n = 791) aged 33 to 45 years in the CARDIA study. Perceived racial discrimination was assessed based on the Experiences of Discrimination scale (range, 1–35). CAC was evaluated using computed tomography. Primary analyses assessed associations between perceived racial discrimination and presence of CAC using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic position (SEP), psychosocial variables, and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Results In age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression models, odds of CAC decreased as the perceived racial discrimination score increased (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.98 per 1-unit increase in Experiences of Discrimination scale). The relationship did not markedly change after further adjustment for SEP, psychosocial variables, or CHD risk factors (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99). Conclusions Perceived racial discrimination was negatively associated with CAC in this study. Estimation of more forms of racial discrimination as well as replication of analyses in other samples will help to confirm or refute these findings.
ISSN:1047-2797
1873-2585
DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.01.005