Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variation in Rates of Homelessness Among Families and Single Adults

We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Ho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of public health (1971) 2013-12, Vol.103 (S2), p.S340-S347
Main Authors: FARGO, Jamison D, MUNLEY, Ellen A, BYRNE, Thomas H, MONTGOMERY, Ann Elizabeth, CULHANE, Dennis P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcoholism - epidemiology
Biological and medical sciences
Crime - statistics & numerical data
Economics - statistics & numerical data
Epidemiology
Family
General aspects
Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data
Homeless Persons - statistics & numerical data
Homelessness
Humans
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Prevention
Public Assistance - statistics & numerical data
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Research and Practice
Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data
Social Support
Socioeconomic Factors
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
United States
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Summary:We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Housing and Urban Development point-in-time counts for a single night in January 2009 into separate mixed-effects statistical analyses that modeled homelessness rates for 4 subpopulations: families and single adults in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions. Community-level factors accounted for 25% to 50% of the variance in homelessness rates across models. In metropolitan regions, alcohol consumption, social support, and several economic indicators were uniquely associated with family homelessness, and drug use and homicide were uniquely associated with single-adult homelessness. In nonmetropolitan regions, life expectancy, religious adherence, unemployment, and rent burden were uniquely associated with family homelessness, and health care access, crime, several economic indicators, and receipt of Supplemental Security Income were uniquely associated with single-adult homelessness. Considering homeless families and single adults separately enabled more precise modeling of associations between homelessness rates and community-level characteristics, indicating targets for interventions to reduce homelessness among these subpopulations.
ISSN:0090-0036
1541-0048
DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301619