Cell intrinsic control of axon regeneration

Although neurons execute a cell intrinsic program of axonal growth during development, following the establishment of connections, the developmental growth capacity declines. Besides environmental challenges, this switch largely accounts for the failure of adult central nervous system (CNS) axons to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:EMBO reports 2014-03, Vol.15 (3), p.254-263
Main Authors: Mar, Fernando M, Bonni, Azad, Sousa, Mónica M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
axon regeneration
Axonal Transport
Axons - metabolism
Axons - physiology
Cellular biology
Central nervous system
conditioning lesion
Cytoskeleton
EMBO27
Humans
microtubule dynamics
Microtubule Proteins - genetics
Microtubule Proteins - metabolism
Nerve Regeneration
Neurological disorders
Neurons
Review
Reviews
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Summary:Although neurons execute a cell intrinsic program of axonal growth during development, following the establishment of connections, the developmental growth capacity declines. Besides environmental challenges, this switch largely accounts for the failure of adult central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate. Here, we discuss the cell intrinsic control of axon regeneration, including not only the regulation of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, but also the modulation of local protein translation, retrograde and anterograde axonal transport, and microtubule dynamics. We further explore the causes underlying the failure of CNS neurons to mount a vigorous regenerative response, and the paradigms demonstrating the activation of cell intrinsic axon growth programs. Finally, we present potential mechanisms to support axon regeneration, as these may represent future therapeutic approaches to promote recovery following CNS injury and disease. Graphical Abstract This review discusses the cell intrinsic responses to axon injury that—if activated—might enhance the limited regenerative capacity of CNS neurons, and the relevance of new findings to possible therapeutic approaches.
ISSN:1469-221X
1469-3178
DOI:10.1002/embr.201337723