Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Ukraine: antibacterial resistance and virulence factor encoding genes

• Published in: BMC infectious diseases 2014-03, Vol.14 (1), p.128-128, Article 128
• Main Authors: Netsvyetayeva, Irina, Fraczek, Mariusz, Piskorska, Katarzyna, Golas, Marlena, Sikora, Magdalena, Mlynarczyk, Andrzej, Swoboda-Kopec, Ewa, Marusza, Wojciech, Palmieri, Beniamino, Iannitti, Tommaso
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis; Antibiotics; Bacteriology; Carrier State - epidemiology; Carrier State - microbiology; Data analysis; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Epidemiology; Family medical history; Female; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic research; Humans; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - genetics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Microbiology; Middle Aged; Nasal Cavity - microbiology; Patients; Physiological aspects; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus - genetics; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Staphylococcus infections; Statistical analysis; Studies; Ukraine; Virulence (Microbiology); Virulence Factors - genetics; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1471-2334; 1471-2334
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-128

The number of studies regarding the incidence of multidrug resistant strains and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors, which have colonized the post-Soviet states, is considerably limited. The aim of the study was (1) to assess the Staphylococcus (S.) aureus nasal carriage rate, including Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in adult Ukrainian population, (2) to determine antibiotic resistant pattern and (3) the occurrence of Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL)-, Fibronectin-Binding Protein A (FnBPA)- and Exfoliative Toxin (ET)-encoding genes. Nasal samples for S. aureus culture were obtained from 245 adults. The susceptibility pattern for several classes of antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. The virulence factor encoding genes, mecA, lukS-lukF, eta, etb, etd, fnbA, were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The S. aureus nasal carriage rate was 40%. The prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage in adults was 3.7%. LukS-lukF genes were detected in over 58% of the strains. ET-encoding genes were detected in over 39% of the strains and the most prevalent was etd. The fnbA gene was detected in over 59% of the strains. All MRSA isolates tested were positive for the mecA gene. LukS-lukF genes and the etd gene were commonly co-present in MRSA, while lukS-lukF genes and the fnbA gene were commonly co-present in Methicillin Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. No significant difference was detected between the occurrence of lukS-lukF genes (P > 0.05) and the etd gene (P > 0.05) when comparing MRSA and MSSA. The occurrence of the fnbA gene was significantly more frequent in MSSA strains (P