Antigen removal for the production of biomechanically functional, xenogeneic tissue grafts

Abstract Xenogeneic tissues are derived from other animal species and provide a source of material for engineering mechanically functional tissue grafts, such as heart valves, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Xenogeneic tissues, however, contain molecules, known as antigens, which invoke an immune...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomechanics 2014-06, Vol.47 (9), p.1987-1996
Main Authors: Cissell, Derek D, Hu, Jerry C, Griffiths, Leigh G, Athanasiou, Kyriacos A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigen removal
Antigens
Antigens - immunology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Biomedical materials
Collagen
Decellularization
Electrochemical machining
Extracellular Matrix
Graft Rejection - prevention & control
Grafts
Heart
Heart valves
Heterografts - immunology
Humans
Implantation
Ligaments
Mechanical properties
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Proteins
Rendering
Skin & tissue grafts
Tissue Engineering
Tissue replacement
Wound healing
Xenogeneic
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Summary:Abstract Xenogeneic tissues are derived from other animal species and provide a source of material for engineering mechanically functional tissue grafts, such as heart valves, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Xenogeneic tissues, however, contain molecules, known as antigens, which invoke an immune reaction following implantation into a patient. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the antigens from a xenogeneic tissue to prevent immune rejection of the graft. Antigen removal can be accomplished by treating a tissue with solutions and/or physical processes that disrupt cells and solubilize, degrade, or mask antigens. However, processes used for cell and antigen removal from tissues often have deleterious effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue, rendering the tissue unsuitable for implantation due to poor mechanical properties. Thus, the goal of an antigen removal process should be to reduce the antigen content of a xenogeneic tissue while preserving its mechanical functionality. To expand the clinical use of antigen-removed xenogeneic tissues as biomechanically functional grafts, it is essential that researchers examine tissue antigen content, ECM composition and architecture, and mechanical properties as new antigen removal processes are developed.
ISSN:0021-9290
1873-2380
DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.041