Cystitis : From Urothelial Cell Biology to Clinical Applications

Cystitis is a urinary bladder disease with many causes and symptoms. The severity of cystitis ranges from mild lower abdominal discomfort to life-threatening haemorrhagic cystitis. The course of disease is often chronic or recurrent. Although cystitis represents huge economical and medical burden th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-10
Main Authors: Lee, Gilho, Romih, Rok, Zupančič, Daša
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - therapeutic use
Biology
Bladder
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide - therapeutic use
Cystitis
Cystitis - drug therapy
Cystitis - metabolism
Cystitis - pathology
Cystitis - physiopathology
Drug therapy
Epidermal growth factor
Excretory system
Health aspects
Hemorrhage - drug therapy
Hemorrhage - metabolism
Hemorrhage - pathology
Hemorrhage - physiopathology
Humans
Membranes
Permeability
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Rodents
Smooth muscle
Urine
Urothelium - metabolism
Urothelium - pathology
Urothelium - physiopathology
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Summary:Cystitis is a urinary bladder disease with many causes and symptoms. The severity of cystitis ranges from mild lower abdominal discomfort to life-threatening haemorrhagic cystitis. The course of disease is often chronic or recurrent. Although cystitis represents huge economical and medical burden throughout the world and in many cases treatments are ineffective, the mechanisms of its origin and development as well as measures for effective treatment are still poorly understood. However, many studies have demonstrated that urothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role. In the present review we first discuss fundamental issues of urothelial cell biology, which is the core for comprehension of cystitis. Then we focus on many forms of cystitis, its current treatments, and advances in its research. Additionally we review haemorrhagic cystitis with one of the leading causative agents being chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide and summarise its management strategies. At the end we describe an excellent and widely used animal model of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis, which gives researches the opportunity to get a better insight into the mechanisms involved and possibility to develop new therapy approaches.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2014/473536