Minimally destructive sampling of type specimens of Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) recovers complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes

• Published in: Scientific reports 2014-06, Vol.4 (1), p.5113-5113, Article 5113
• Main Authors: Hughey, Jeffery R., Gabrielson, Paul W., Rohmer, Laurence, Tortolani, Jacquie, Silva, Mayra, Miller, Kathy Ann, Young, Joel D., Martell, Craig, Ruediger, Erik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 45; 631/1647/2217; 631/449/2491/1870; Algae; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping - methods; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Fungi; Genome, Mitochondrial - genetics; Genome, Plant - genetics; Genome, Plastid - genetics; Genomes; Humanities and Social Sciences; Mitochondria; Molecular Sequence Data; multidisciplinary; Nucleotide sequence; Plant species; Rhodophyta - genetics; Science; Specimen Handling - methods
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep05113

Plant species, including algae and fungi, are based on type specimens to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached. Applying a scientific name to any specimen therefore requires demonstrating correspondence between the type and that specimen. Traditionally, identifications are based on morpho-anatomical characters, but recently systematists are using DNA sequence data. These studies are flawed if the DNA is isolated from misidentified modern specimens. We propose a genome-based solution. Using 4 × 4 mm 2 of material from type specimens, we assembled 14 plastid and 15 mitochondrial genomes attributed to the red algae Pyropia perforata , Py. fucicola and Py. kanakaensis . The chloroplast genomes were fairly conserved, but the mitochondrial genomes differed significantly among populations in content and length. Complete genomes are attainable from 19 th and early 20 th century type specimens; this validates the effort and cost of their curation as well as supports the practice of the type method.