Trends in fatal motor vehicle crashes before and after marijuana commercialization in Colorado

• Published in: Drug and alcohol dependence 2014-07, Vol.140, p.137-144
• Main Authors: Salomonsen-Sautel, Stacy, Min, Sung-Joon, Sakai, Joseph T, Thurstone, Christian, Hopfer, Christian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidents, Traffic - mortality; Accidents, Traffic - trends; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology; Alcohol-impaired driving; Cannabis; Colorado - epidemiology; Commercialization; Drivers; Driving; Drugged driving; Humans; Legislation, Drug - trends; Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology; Marijuana-positive driving; Medical Marijuana; Motor vehicles; Prevalence; Preventive programmes; Psychiatry; Traffic fatalities
• ISSN: 0376-8716; 1879-0046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.008

Abstract Background Legal medical marijuana has been commercially available on a widespread basis in Colorado since mid-2009; however, there is a dearth of information about the impact of marijuana commercialization on impaired driving. This study examined if the proportions of drivers in a fatal motor vehicle crash who were marijuana-positive and alcohol-impaired, respectively, have changed in Colorado before and after mid-2009 and then compared changes in Colorado with 34 non-medical marijuana states (NMMS). Methods Thirty-six 6-month intervals (1994–2011) from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System were used to examine temporal changes in the proportions of drivers in a fatal motor vehicle crash who were alcohol-impaired (≥0.08 g/dl) and marijuana-positive, respectively. The pre-commercial marijuana time period in Colorado was defined as 1994–June 2009 while July 2009–2011 represented the post-commercialization period. Results In Colorado, since mid-2009 when medical marijuana became commercially available and prevalent, the trend became positive in the proportion of drivers in a fatal motor vehicle crash who were marijuana-positive (change in trend, 2.16 (0.45), p < 0.0001); in contrast, no significant changes were seen in NMMS. For both Colorado and NMMS, no significant changes were seen in the proportion of drivers in a fatal motor vehicle crash who were alcohol-impaired. Conclusions Prevention efforts and policy changes in Colorado are needed to address this concerning trend in marijuana-positive drivers. In addition, education on the risks of marijuana-positive driving needs to be implemented.