Role of the Adjacent Stroma Cells in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression : Synergy between TGF-β and IGF Signaling

• Published in: BioMed research international 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-8
• Main Authors: Lee, Chung, Jia, Zhenyu, Rahmatpanah, Farah, Zhang, Qiang, Zi, Xiaolin, McClelland, Michael, Mercola, Dan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Androgens - metabolism; Animals; Disease Progression; Epithelial Cells - cytology; Estrogens - metabolism; Humans; Male; Mice; Prostate - metabolism; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism; Review; Signal Transduction; Somatomedins - metabolism; Stromal Cells - cytology; Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2014/502093

This review postulates the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I/IGF-II) signaling in stromal cells during prostate carcinogenesis and progression. It is known that stromal cells have a reciprocal relationship to the adjacent epithelial cells in the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the prostate. An interaction between TGF-β and IGF signaling occupies a central part in this stromal-epithelial interaction. An increase in TGF-β and IGF signaling will set off the imbalance of this relationship and will lead to cancer development. A continuous input from TGF-β and IGF in the tumor microenvironment will result in cancer progression. Understanding of these events can help prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of prostate cancer.