Base excision repair: A critical player in many games

This perspective reviews the many dimensions of base excision repair from a 10,000 foot vantage point and provides one person's view on where the field is headed. Enzyme function is considered under the lens of X-ray diffraction and single molecule studies. Base excision repair in chromatin and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:DNA repair 2014-07, Vol.19, p.14-26
Main Author: Wallace, Susan S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - genetics
AP endonuclease
Base excision repair
BER and transcriptional regulation
BER crosspathways
BER in the immune system
BER subpathways
Cancer
Chromatin
DNA Damage - genetics
DNA glycosylase search
DNA Glycosylases
DNA Repair - genetics
Humans
Methylation
Neurodegenerative diseases
Oxidative Stress
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Repair enzyme structures
Repair in chromatin
Repair in telomeres
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Summary:This perspective reviews the many dimensions of base excision repair from a 10,000 foot vantage point and provides one person's view on where the field is headed. Enzyme function is considered under the lens of X-ray diffraction and single molecule studies. Base excision repair in chromatin and telomeres, regulation of expression and the role of posttranslational modifications are also discussed in the context of enzyme activities, cellular localization and interacting partners. The specialized roles that base excision repair play in transcriptional activation by active demethylation and targeted oxidation as well as how base excision repair functions in the immune processes of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination and its possible involvement in retroviral infection are also discussed. Finally the complexities of oxidative damage and its repair and its link to neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the role of base excision repair as a tumor suppressor are examined in the context of damage, repair and aging. By outlining the many base excision repair-related mysteries that have yet to be unraveled, hopefully this perspective will stimulate further interest in the field.
ISSN:1568-7864
1568-7856
DOI:10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.03.030