Biofeedback‐based training for stress management in daily hassles: an intervention study

• Published in: Brain and behavior 2014-07, Vol.4 (4), p.566-579
• Main Authors: Kotozaki, Yuka, Takeuchi, Hikaru, Sekiguchi, Atsushi, Yamamoto, Yuki, Shinada, Takamitsu, Araki, Tsuyoshi, Takahashi, Kei, Taki, Yasuyuki, Ogino, Takeshi, Kiguchi, Masashi, Kawashima, Ryuta
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological - physiology; Adult; Affect - physiology; Anxiety; Biofeedback; Biofeedback training; Biofeedback, Psychology - methods; Brain research; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology; daily hassles; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; Heart Rate - physiology; hippocampus; Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational stress; orbitofrontal cortex; Original Research; Physiology; Post traumatic stress disorder; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology; Stress, Psychological - psychology; Stress, Psychological - therapy; Studies; subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2162-3279; 2162-3279
• DOI: 10.1002/brb3.241

Background The day‐to‐day causes of stress are called daily hassles. Daily hassles are correlated with ill health. Biofeedback (BF) is one of the tools used for acquiring stress‐coping skills. However, the anatomical correlates of the effects of BF with long training periods remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate this. Methods Participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the intervention group and the control group. Participants in the intervention group performed a biofeedback training (BFT) task (a combination task for heart rate and cerebral blood flow control) every day, for about 5 min once a day. The study outcomes included MRI, psychological tests (e.g., Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire), and a stress marker (salivary cortisol levels) before (day 0) and after (day 28) the intervention. Results We observed significant improvements in the psychological test scores and salivary cortisol levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, voxel‐based morphometric analysis revealed that compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly increased regional gray matter (GM) volume in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is an anatomical cluster that includes mainly the left hippocampus, and the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The GM regions are associated with the stress response, and, in general, these regions seem to be the most sensitive to the detrimental effects of stress. Conclusions Our findings suggest that our BFT is effective against the GM structures vulnerable to stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anatomical correlates of the effects of BF with long training periods. We observed significant improvements in the psychological test scores and salivary cortisol levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, voxel‐based morphometric analysis revealed that compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly increased regional gray matter (GM) volume in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is an anatomical cluster that includes mainly the left hippocampus, and the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.