The effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status on education and health outcomes for children living in social housing

• Published in: American journal of public health (1971) 2014-11, Vol.104 (11), p.2103-2113
• Main Authors: Martens, Patricia J, Chateau, Daniel G, Burland, Elaine M J, Finlayson, Gregory S, Smith, Mark J, Taylor, Carole R, Brownell, Marni D, Nickel, Nathan C, Katz, Alan, Bolton, James M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Academic readiness; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Children & youth; Community Health; Education; Educational Status; Epidemiology; Family income; Female; Health; Health insurance; Health Status; Humans; Immunization; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Manitoba - epidemiology; Medical research; Neighborhoods; Other Child and Adolescent Health; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Population; Pregnancy; Preschool education; Public health; Public housing; Public Housing - statistics & numerical data; Research and Practice; Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data; Sexual Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Studies; Teenage pregnancy; Urban Health; Vouchers; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0090-0036; 1541-0048
• DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302133

We explored differences in health and education outcomes between children living in social housing and not, and effects of social housing's neighborhood socioeconomic status. In this cohort study, we used the population-based repository of administrative data at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. We included children aged 0 to 19 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in fiscal years 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 (n = 13,238 social housing; n = 174,017 others). We examined 5 outcomes: age-2 complete immunization, a school-readiness measure, adolescent pregnancy (ages 15-19 years), grade-9 completion, and high-school completion. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equation modeling generated rates. We derived neighborhood income quintiles (Q1 lowest, Q5 highest) from average household income census data. Children in social housing fared worse than comparative children within each neighborhood income quintile. When we compared children in social housing by quintile, preschool indicators (immunization and school readiness) were similar, but adolescent outcomes (grade-9 and high-school completion, adolescent pregnancy) were better in Q3 to Q5. Children in social housing had poorer health and education outcomes than all others, but living in social housing in wealthier areas was associated with better adolescent outcomes.