Contrasting patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in two invasive salmonids in the southern hemisphere

Invasion success may be expected to increase with residence time (i.e., time since first introduction) and secondary releases (i.e., those that follow the original introduction), but this has rarely been tested in natural fish populations. We compared genetic and phenotypic divergence in rainbow tro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Evolutionary applications 2014-09, Vol.7 (8), p.921-936
Main Authors: Monzón‐Argüello, Catalina, Consuegra, Sofia, Gajardo, Gonzalo, Marco‐Rius, Francisco, Fowler, Daniel M., DeFaveri, Jacquelin, Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Animal behavior
Aquaculture
Coexistence
Divergence
Fish
Genetic diversity
Habitats
Interspecific
Invasions
microsatellites
naturalization
Nonnative species
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Original
phenotypic divergence
Population
Population genetics
PST/FST
rapid evolution
Salmo trutta
Salmonidae
selection
Success
Trout
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Summary:Invasion success may be expected to increase with residence time (i.e., time since first introduction) and secondary releases (i.e., those that follow the original introduction), but this has rarely been tested in natural fish populations. We compared genetic and phenotypic divergence in rainbow trout and brown trout in Chile and the Falkland Islands to test the prediction that adaptive divergence, measured as PST/FST, would increase with residence time and secondary releases. We also explored whether interspecific competition between invaders could drive phenotypic divergence. Residence time had no significant effect on genetic diversity, phenotypic divergence, effective population size, or signatures of expansion of invasive trout. In contrast, secondary releases had a major effect on trout invasions, and rainbow trout populations mostly affected by aquaculture escapees showed significant divergence from less affected populations. Coexistence with brown trout had a positive effect on phenotypic divergence of rainbow trout. Our results highlight an important role of secondary releases in shaping fish invasions, but do not support the contention that older invaders are more differentiated than younger ones. They also suggest that exotic trout may not have yet developed local adaptations in these recently invaded habitats, at least with respect to growth‐related traits.
ISSN:1752-4571
1752-4571
DOI:10.1111/eva.12188