Epigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders: stress and depression

Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience 2014-09, Vol.16 (3), p.281-295
Main Authors: Bagot, Rosemary C., Labonté, Benoit, Peña, Catherine J., Nestler, Eric J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acetylation
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
animal model
Biological and medical sciences
Depression
Depression - genetics
early life
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
epigenetic
Gene Expression
histone
Humans
Medical sciences
methylation
Mood disorders
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Signal Transduction - genetics
State of the Art
stress
Stress, Psychological - genetics
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly point to the importance of additional factors. Environmental factors, such as stress, play a major role in the psychiatric disorders by inducing stable changes in gene expression, neural circuit function, and ultimately behavior. Insults at the developmental stage and in adulthood appear to induce distinct maladaptations. Increasing evidence indicates that these sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions. Indeed, transcriptional dysregulation and associated aberrant epigenetic regulation is a unifying theme in psychiatric disorders. Aspects of depression can be modeled in animals by inducing disease-like states through environmental manipulations, and these studies can provide a more general understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric disorders. Understanding how environmental factors recruit the epigenetic machinery in animal models is providing new insights into disease mechanisms in humans.
ISSN:1294-8322
1958-5969
1958-5969
DOI:10.31887/DCNS.2014.16.3/rbagot