A graphene-based physiometer array for the analysis of single biological cells

A significant advantage of a graphene biosensor is that it inherently represents a continuum of independent and aligned sensor-units. We demonstrate a nanoscale version of a micro-physiometer – a device that measures cellular metabolic activity from the local acidification rate. Graphene functions a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2014-10, Vol.4 (1), p.6865
Main Authors: Paulus, Geraldine L. C., Nelson, Justin T., Lee, Katherine Y., Wang, Qing Hua, Reuel, Nigel F., Grassbaugh, Brittany R., Kruss, Sebastian, Landry, Markita P., Kang, Jeon Woong, Vander Ende, Emma, Zhang, Jingqing, Mu, Bin, Dasari, Ramachandra R., Opel, Cary F., Wittrup, K. Dane, Strano, Michael S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
14/10
140/133
631/61/350/59
639/925/918/1054
Acidification
Algorithms
Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation
Biosensing Techniques - methods
Biosensors
Dopamine
Excretion
Graphite
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Immunoglobulin G
Mapping
Metabolism
Models, Theoretical
multidisciplinary
pH sensors
Protons
Raman spectroscopy
Science
Spatial discrimination
Spectroscopy
Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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Summary:A significant advantage of a graphene biosensor is that it inherently represents a continuum of independent and aligned sensor-units. We demonstrate a nanoscale version of a micro-physiometer – a device that measures cellular metabolic activity from the local acidification rate. Graphene functions as a matrix of independent pH sensors enabling subcellular detection of proton excretion. Raman spectroscopy shows that aqueous protons p-dope graphene – in agreement with established doping trajectories and that graphene displays two distinct pKa values (2.9 and 14.2), corresponding to dopants physi- and chemisorbing to graphene respectively. The graphene physiometer allows micron spatial resolution and can differentiate immunoglobulin (IgG)-producing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells from non-IgG-producing control cells. Population-based analyses allow mapping of phenotypic diversity, variances in metabolic activity and cellular adhesion. Finally we show this platform can be extended to the detection of other analytes, e.g. dopamine. This work motivates the application of graphene as a unique biosensor for (sub)cellular interrogation.
ISSN:2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/srep06865