From induction to conduction: how intrinsic transcriptional priming of extrinsic neuronal connectivity shapes neuronal identity

Every behaviour of an organism relies on an intricate and vastly diverse network of neurons whose identity and connectivity must be specified with extreme precision during development. Intrinsically, specification of neuronal identity depends heavily on the expression of powerful transcription facto...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Open biology 2014-10, Vol.4 (10), p.140144
Main Authors: Russ, Jeffrey B., Kaltschmidt, Julia A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Axons - metabolism
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Cell Lineage
Central Nervous System - metabolism
Circuit Formation
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Fezf2
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Models, Biological
Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics
Neuronal Identity
Neurons - metabolism
Ptf1a
Review
Subtype-Specification
Synapses
Transcription Factors
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
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Summary:Every behaviour of an organism relies on an intricate and vastly diverse network of neurons whose identity and connectivity must be specified with extreme precision during development. Intrinsically, specification of neuronal identity depends heavily on the expression of powerful transcription factors that direct numerous features of neuronal identity, including especially properties of neuronal connectivity, such as dendritic morphology, axonal targeting or synaptic specificity, ultimately priming the neuron for incorporation into emerging circuitry. As the neuron's early connectivity is established, extrinsic signals from its pre- and postsynaptic partners feedback on the neuron to further refine its unique characteristics. As a result, disruption of one component of the circuitry during development can have vital consequences for the proper identity specification of its synaptic partners. Recent studies have begun to harness the power of various transcription factors that control neuronal cell fate, including those that specify a neuron's subtype-specific identity, seeking insight for future therapeutic strategies that aim to reconstitute damaged circuitry through neuronal reprogramming.
ISSN:2046-2441
2046-2441
DOI:10.1098/rsob.140144