Clinicopathological findings of primary esophageal malignant melanoma: report of six cases and review of literature

We studied images and histopathological features of primary esophageal malignant melanoma to explore the clinical pathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and treatment. Immunolabelling was conducted on six cases of esophageal malignant melanoma using histological and immunohistoche...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 2014-01, Vol.7 (10), p.7230-7235
Main Authors: Zheng, Jinfeng, Mo, Haiying, Ma, Shufang, Wang, Zhenzheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Biopsy
Diagnosis, Differential
Endosonography
Esophageal Neoplasms - chemistry
Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology
Esophageal Neoplasms - surgery
Esophagoscopy
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Melanoma - chemistry
Melanoma - pathology
Melanoma - surgery
Middle Aged
Multimodal Imaging
Original
Phenotype
Positron-Emission Tomography
Predictive Value of Tests
Prognosis
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Summary:We studied images and histopathological features of primary esophageal malignant melanoma to explore the clinical pathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and treatment. Immunolabelling was conducted on six cases of esophageal malignant melanoma using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Combined with the related literature, the clinical manifestations, imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, treatment, and prognosis of primary esophageal malignant melanoma were observed and analyzed. The six patients with primary esophageal malignant melanoma were all male with an average age of 63.4 years. Poor food intake was observed in all patients, and the symptoms showed progressive aggravation. Endoscopic feed tube revealed dark brown and black nodular and polypoid lesions, 1/4-1/2 loop cavity. Tumor histopathology revealed the following characteristics: tumor cells arranged in nests, sheets and cords, round or polygonal, abundant and red-stained cytoplasm, melanin granules in the cytoplasm, heterogeneous nucleus sizes, centered or deviated nuclei, clearly identifiable nucleoli, and apparent pathological mitosis. The immune phenotype was as follows: tumor cells had diffuse expression of HMB45, Melan A, and S100. The cells were CK negative, and the Ki67-positive cell number was 40%-45%. Primary esophageal malignant melanoma is rare with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining is helpful for diagnosing this tumor. The differential diagnosis includes low differentiated carcinoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma, esophageal lymphoma, and other tumors.
ISSN:1936-2625