Facile electrochemical synthesis of antimicrobial TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine 2014-01, Vol.9, p.5177-5187
• Main Authors: Zhao, Yu, Xing, Qi, Janjanam, Jagadeesh, He, Kun, Long, Fei, Low, Ke-Bin, Tiwari, Ashutosh, Zhao, Feng, Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Friedrich, Craig, Shokuhfar, Tolou
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AgO nanoparticles; Animals; anodization; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; antimicrobial; Carbon; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Chemistry; Cytotoxicity; Electric fields; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrolytes; Engineering; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability - drug effects; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes - chemistry; Original Research; Oxides - chemistry; Oxides - pharmacology; Proteins; Silver Compounds - chemistry; Silver Compounds - pharmacology; Stem cells; TiO2 nanotube arrays; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - pharmacology; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S65386

Infection-related complications have been a critical issue for the application of titanium orthopedic implants. The use of Ag nanoparticles offers a potential approach to incorporate antimicrobial properties into the titanium implants. In this work, a novel and simple method was developed for synthesis of Ag (II) oxide deposited TiO2 nanotubes (TiNTs) using electrochemical anodization followed by Ag electroplating processes in the same electrolyte. The quantities of AgO nanoparticles deposited in TiNT were controlled by selecting different electroplating times and voltages. It was shown that AgO nanoparticles were crystalline and distributed throughout the length of the nanotubes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry tests showed that the quantities of released Ag were less than 7 mg/L after 30 days at 37°C. Antimicrobial assay results show that the AgO-deposited TiNTs can effectively kill the Escherichia coli bacteria. Although the AgO-deposited TiNTs showed some cytotoxicity, it should be controllable by optimization of the electroplating parameters and incorporation of cell growth factor. The results of this study indicated that antimicrobial properties could be added to nanotextured medical implants through a simple and cost effective method.