Obesity, fatty liver disease and intestinal microbiota

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The term NAFLD describes a spectrum of liver pathology ranges from simple steatosis to steatosis...

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Published in:World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2014-11, Vol.20 (44), p.16452-16463
Main Author: Arslan, Nur
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacterial Translocation
Dysbiosis
Dysbiosis,Nonalcoho-lic
Energy Metabolism
fatt
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Intestinal
Intestines - immunology
Intestines - metabolism
Intestines - microbiology
Microbiota
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - immunology
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - microbiology
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - immunology
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - microbiology
Signal Transduction
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Summary:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The term NAFLD describes a spectrum of liver pathology ranges from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even cirrhosis. Metabolic syndrome and NAFLD also predict hepatocellular carcinoma. Many genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity and NAFLD, but the exact mechanisms are not known. Intestinal ecosystem contains trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, Archaea, yeasts and viruses. Several studies support the relationship between the intestinal microbial changes and obesity and also its complications, including insulin resistance and NAFLD. Given that the gut and liver are connected by the portal venous system, it makes the liver more vulnerable to translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, endotoxins or secreted cytokines. Altered intestinal microbiota(dysbiosis) may stimulate hepatic fat deposition through several mechanisms: regulation of gut permeability, increasing low-grade inflammation, modulation of dietary choline metabolism, regulation of bile acid metabolism and producing endogenous ethanol. Regulation of intestinal microbial ecosystem by diet modifications or by using probiotics and prebiotics as a treatment for obesity and its complications might be the issue of further investigations.
ISSN:1007-9327
2219-2840
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16452