Static and dynamic characteristics of cerebral blood flow during the resting state in schizophrenia

The cerebral network that is active during rest and is deactivated during goal-oriented activity is called the default mode network (DMN). It appears to be involved in self-referential mental activity. Atypical functional connectivity in the DMN has been observed in schizophrenia. One hypothesis sug...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Schizophrenia bulletin 2015-01, Vol.41 (1), p.163-170
Main Authors: Kindler, Jochen, Jann, Kay, Homan, Philipp, Hauf, Martinus, Walther, Sebastian, Strik, Werner, Dierks, Thomas, Hubl, Daniela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Brain - blood supply
Case-Control Studies
Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology
Female
Gray Matter - blood supply
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Perfusion Imaging
Regular
Schizophrenia - physiopathology
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Summary:The cerebral network that is active during rest and is deactivated during goal-oriented activity is called the default mode network (DMN). It appears to be involved in self-referential mental activity. Atypical functional connectivity in the DMN has been observed in schizophrenia. One hypothesis suggests that pathologically increased DMN connectivity in schizophrenia is linked with a main symptom of psychosis, namely, misattribution of thoughts. A resting-state pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) study was conducted to measure absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 34 schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls. Using independent component analysis (ICA), the DMN was extracted from ASL data. Mean CBF and DMN connectivity were compared between groups using a 2-sample t test. Schizophrenia patients showed decreased mean CBF in the frontal and temporal regions (P < .001). ICA demonstrated significantly increased DMN connectivity in the precuneus (x/y/z = -16/-64/38) in patients than in controls (P < .001). CBF was not elevated in the respective regions. DMN connectivity in the precuneus was significantly correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores (P < .01). In schizophrenia patients, the posterior hub--which is considered the strongest part of the DMN--showed increased DMN connectivity. We hypothesize that this increase hinders the deactivation of the DMN and, thus, the translation of cognitive processes from an internal to an external focus. This might explain symptoms related to defective self-monitoring, such as auditory verbal hallucinations or ego disturbances.
ISSN:0586-7614
1745-1701
DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbt180