Myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ signaling protects skeletal muscle from injury and dystrophic disease in mice

• Published in: Human molecular genetics 2014-12, Vol.23 (25), p.6903-6915
• Main Authors: Accornero, Federica, Kanisicak, Onur, Tjondrokoesoemo, Andoria, Attia, Aria C, McNally, Elizabeth M, Molkentin, Jeffery D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Membrane - drug effects; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cell Membrane - pathology; Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins - pharmacology; Crotoxin - pharmacology; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Metallothionein - genetics; Metallothionein - metabolism; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Muscular Dystrophies - genetics; Muscular Dystrophies - metabolism; Muscular Dystrophies - pathology; Mutation; Myofibrils - drug effects; Myofibrils - metabolism; Myofibrils - pathology; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - deficiency; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - deficiency; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics; Sarcoglycans - deficiency; Sarcoglycans - genetics; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - drug effects; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - metabolism; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - pathology; Signal Transduction - genetics; Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism; Transforming Growth Factor beta - pharmacology; Transgenes
• ISSN: 0964-6906; 1460-2083
• DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu413

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a disease characterized by skeletal muscle necrosis and the progressive accumulation of fibrotic tissue. While transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has emerged as central effector of MD and fibrotic disease, the cell types in diseased muscle that underlie TGFβ-dependent pathology have not been segregated. Here, we generated transgenic mice with myofiber-specific inhibition of TGFβ signaling owing to expression of a TGFβ type II receptor dominant-negative (dnTGFβRII) truncation mutant. Expression of dnTGFβRII in myofibers mitigated the dystrophic phenotype observed in δ-sarcoglycan-null (Sgcd(-/-)) mice through a mechanism involving reduced myofiber membrane fragility. The dnTGFβRII transgene also reduced muscle injury and improved muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin injury, as well as increased satellite cell numbers and activity. An unbiased global expression analysis revealed a number of potential mechanisms for dnTGFβRII-mediated protection, one of which was induction of the antioxidant protein metallothionein (Mt). Indeed, TGFβ directly inhibited Mt gene expression in vitro, the dnTGFβRII transgene conferred protection against reactive oxygen species accumulation in dystrophic muscle and treatment with Mt mimetics protected skeletal muscle upon injury in vivo and improved the membrane stability of dystrophic myofibers. Hence, our results show that the myofibers are central mediators of the deleterious effects associated with TGFβ signaling in MD.