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Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane
BACKGROUND Iron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic...
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| Published in: | Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986) 2014-09, Vol.89 (9), p.1317-1323 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3 |
| container_end_page | 1323 |
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 1317 |
| container_title | Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986) |
| container_volume | 89 |
| creator | Alharthi, Abdulrahman Blackley, Ross A. Flowers, T. Hugh Hargreaves, Justin S. J. Pulford, Ian D. Wigzell, James Zhou, Wuzong |
| description | BACKGROUND
Iron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite.
RESULTS
The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the iron ochre was found to be consistent with the expected 2‐line ferrihydrite, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis showed Fe to be a major component although some Si and Ca were present. The sample was observed to contain a fraction with a tubular morphology consistent with the presence of extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide formed by leptothrix. Upon exposure to methane at elevated temperatures, the material was found to transform into an active catalyst for hydrogen production yielding a magnetic carbon‐containing composite material comprising filamentous carbon and encapsulating graphite.
CONCLUSION
The application of two waste products – iron ochre and methane – to generate two useful products – hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite – has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the ochre has been shown to comprise tubular morphology extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide which may be of interest in terms of other applications. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jctb.4434 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4280890</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1826610352</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU1uE0EQhVuIiDiBBRdAI7GBxSTV_zMbpMRAfhQBAiMvWz3tmnic8bTpHgd8m5wlJ0tbNhYgIVjVor56qvceIc8pHFEAdjxzfXUkBBePyIBCqXOhFDwmA2CqyJnUcp8cxDgDAFUw9YTsMyllQRkdkPIi-C7zbhrw_i6_v7PZImDubG_bVeyz2oesn2LmgnU3TXed-TqbYz-1HT4le7VtIz7bzkPy9f270fA8v_p4djE8ucqdkkLkstCWc6kR6mqSfgQJJXdYlSisRM0ZqzkHSrGqNFPoiokTypZKKQa0rBw_JG82uotlNceJw64PtjWL0MxtWBlvG_P7pmum5trfGsEKKEpIAq-2AsF_W2LszbyJDts2mfDLaGjKRFHgkv0bVVqXginN_wNVglGhZJHQl3-gM78MXQotUbIsKDCuE_V6Q7ngYwxY7yxSMOuazbpms645sS9-zWRH_uw1Accb4HvT4urvSuZyODrdSuabiyb2-GN3YcONSXa1NOMPZ-bT-PPo7ZfTsWH8AYGiwAY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1659810237</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane</title><source>Wiley</source><creator>Alharthi, Abdulrahman ; Blackley, Ross A. ; Flowers, T. Hugh ; Hargreaves, Justin S. J. ; Pulford, Ian D. ; Wigzell, James ; Zhou, Wuzong</creator><creatorcontrib>Alharthi, Abdulrahman ; Blackley, Ross A. ; Flowers, T. Hugh ; Hargreaves, Justin S. J. ; Pulford, Ian D. ; Wigzell, James ; Zhou, Wuzong</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND
Iron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite.
RESULTS
The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the iron ochre was found to be consistent with the expected 2‐line ferrihydrite, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis showed Fe to be a major component although some Si and Ca were present. The sample was observed to contain a fraction with a tubular morphology consistent with the presence of extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide formed by leptothrix. Upon exposure to methane at elevated temperatures, the material was found to transform into an active catalyst for hydrogen production yielding a magnetic carbon‐containing composite material comprising filamentous carbon and encapsulating graphite.
CONCLUSION
The application of two waste products – iron ochre and methane – to generate two useful products – hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite – has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the ochre has been shown to comprise tubular morphology extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide which may be of interest in terms of other applications. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-2575</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4660</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4434</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25558121</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>biogenic iron oxide ; Biotechnology ; carbon ; Chemical technology ; Fracture mechanics ; hydrogen ; Iron ; iron ochre ; Iron oxides ; Leptothrix ; Methane ; Morphology ; Wastes ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986), 2014-09, Vol.89 (9), p.1317-1323</ispartof><rights>2014 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2014 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><rights>2014 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25558121$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alharthi, Abdulrahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blackley, Ross A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flowers, T. Hugh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hargreaves, Justin S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pulford, Ian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wigzell, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Wuzong</creatorcontrib><title>Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane</title><title>Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986)</title><addtitle>J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
Iron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite.
RESULTS
The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the iron ochre was found to be consistent with the expected 2‐line ferrihydrite, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis showed Fe to be a major component although some Si and Ca were present. The sample was observed to contain a fraction with a tubular morphology consistent with the presence of extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide formed by leptothrix. Upon exposure to methane at elevated temperatures, the material was found to transform into an active catalyst for hydrogen production yielding a magnetic carbon‐containing composite material comprising filamentous carbon and encapsulating graphite.
CONCLUSION
The application of two waste products – iron ochre and methane – to generate two useful products – hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite – has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the ochre has been shown to comprise tubular morphology extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide which may be of interest in terms of other applications. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</description><subject>biogenic iron oxide</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>carbon</subject><subject>Chemical technology</subject><subject>Fracture mechanics</subject><subject>hydrogen</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>iron ochre</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Leptothrix</subject><subject>Methane</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>0268-2575</issn><issn>1097-4660</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1uE0EQhVuIiDiBBRdAI7GBxSTV_zMbpMRAfhQBAiMvWz3tmnic8bTpHgd8m5wlJ0tbNhYgIVjVor56qvceIc8pHFEAdjxzfXUkBBePyIBCqXOhFDwmA2CqyJnUcp8cxDgDAFUw9YTsMyllQRkdkPIi-C7zbhrw_i6_v7PZImDubG_bVeyz2oesn2LmgnU3TXed-TqbYz-1HT4le7VtIz7bzkPy9f270fA8v_p4djE8ucqdkkLkstCWc6kR6mqSfgQJJXdYlSisRM0ZqzkHSrGqNFPoiokTypZKKQa0rBw_JG82uotlNceJw64PtjWL0MxtWBlvG_P7pmum5trfGsEKKEpIAq-2AsF_W2LszbyJDts2mfDLaGjKRFHgkv0bVVqXginN_wNVglGhZJHQl3-gM78MXQotUbIsKDCuE_V6Q7ngYwxY7yxSMOuazbpms645sS9-zWRH_uw1Accb4HvT4urvSuZyODrdSuabiyb2-GN3YcONSXa1NOMPZ-bT-PPo7ZfTsWH8AYGiwAY</recordid><startdate>201409</startdate><enddate>201409</enddate><creator>Alharthi, Abdulrahman</creator><creator>Blackley, Ross A.</creator><creator>Flowers, T. Hugh</creator><creator>Hargreaves, Justin S. J.</creator><creator>Pulford, Ian D.</creator><creator>Wigzell, James</creator><creator>Zhou, Wuzong</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201409</creationdate><title>Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane</title><author>Alharthi, Abdulrahman ; Blackley, Ross A. ; Flowers, T. Hugh ; Hargreaves, Justin S. J. ; Pulford, Ian D. ; Wigzell, James ; Zhou, Wuzong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6544-587a3357e0fbd44305093ceb9e4a5e7322f33011ebb726ec8dc46a96662019bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>biogenic iron oxide</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>carbon</topic><topic>Chemical technology</topic><topic>Fracture mechanics</topic><topic>hydrogen</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>iron ochre</topic><topic>Iron oxides</topic><topic>Leptothrix</topic><topic>Methane</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alharthi, Abdulrahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blackley, Ross A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flowers, T. Hugh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hargreaves, Justin S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pulford, Ian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wigzell, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Wuzong</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alharthi, Abdulrahman</au><au>Blackley, Ross A.</au><au>Flowers, T. Hugh</au><au>Hargreaves, Justin S. J.</au><au>Pulford, Ian D.</au><au>Wigzell, James</au><au>Zhou, Wuzong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane</atitle><jtitle>Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986)</jtitle><addtitle>J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2014-09</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1317</spage><epage>1323</epage><pages>1317-1323</pages><issn>0268-2575</issn><eissn>1097-4660</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
Iron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite.
RESULTS
The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the iron ochre was found to be consistent with the expected 2‐line ferrihydrite, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis showed Fe to be a major component although some Si and Ca were present. The sample was observed to contain a fraction with a tubular morphology consistent with the presence of extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide formed by leptothrix. Upon exposure to methane at elevated temperatures, the material was found to transform into an active catalyst for hydrogen production yielding a magnetic carbon‐containing composite material comprising filamentous carbon and encapsulating graphite.
CONCLUSION
The application of two waste products – iron ochre and methane – to generate two useful products – hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite – has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the ochre has been shown to comprise tubular morphology extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide which may be of interest in terms of other applications. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>25558121</pmid><doi>10.1002/jctb.4434</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0268-2575 |
| ispartof | Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986), 2014-09, Vol.89 (9), p.1317-1323 |
| issn | 0268-2575 1097-4660 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4280890 |
| source | Wiley |
| subjects | biogenic iron oxide Biotechnology carbon Chemical technology Fracture mechanics hydrogen Iron iron ochre Iron oxides Leptothrix Methane Morphology Wastes X-rays |
| title | Iron ochre - a pre-catalyst for the cracking of methane |
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