n-3 PUFA Induce Microvascular Protective Changes During Ischemia/Reperfusion

• Published in: Lipids 2015-01, Vol.50 (1), p.23-37
• Main Authors: Souza, Maria das Graças Coelho de, Conde, Cristiane Maria Simonato, Laflôr, Camila Maurente, Sicuro, Fernando Lencastre, Bouskela, Eliete
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Capillary Permeability - drug effects; Cricetinae; Docosahexaenoic Acids - therapeutic use; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - therapeutic use; Fish; Fish oils; Fish Oils - therapeutic use; Hamster cheek pouch; Ischemia/reperfusion; Leukocyte Rolling - drug effects; Leukocyte rolling/sticking; Life Sciences; Lipidology; Macromolecular permeability; Male; Medical Biochemistry; Medicinal Chemistry; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microvascular diameter; Microvessels - drug effects; Microvessels - pathology; Myocardial infarction; Neurochemistry; Nutrition; n‐3 PUFA; Olive Oil; Original; Original Article; Permeability; Plant Oils - therapeutic use; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Protective Agents - therapeutic use; Reperfusion Injury - diet therapy; Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy; Reperfusion Injury - pathology; Triglycerides - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 0024-4201; 1558-9307
• DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3961-0

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur in consequence of myocardial infarction, stroke and multiple organ failure, the most prevalent cause of death in critically ill patients. I/R injury encompass impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation, increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) found in fish oil have several anti-inflammatory properties and their potential benefits against I/R injury were investigated using the hamster cheek pouch preparation before and after ischemia. Before the experiments, hamsters were treated orally with saline, olive oil, fish oil and triacylglycerol (TAG) and ethyl ester (EE) forms of EPA and DHA at different daily doses for 14 days. Fish oil restored the arteriolar diameter to pre ischemic values during reperfusion. At onset and during reperfusion, Fish oil and DHA TAG significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes compared to saline and olive oil treatments. Fish oil, EPA TAG and DHA TAG significantly prevented the rise on leukocyte adhesion compared to saline. Fish oil (44.83 ± 3.02 leaks/cm 2 ), EPA TAG (31.67 ± 2.65 leaks/cm 2 ), DHA TAG (41.14 ± 3.63 leaks/cm 2 ), and EPA EE (30.63 ± 2.25 leaks/cm 2 ), but not DHA EE (73.17 ± 2.82 leaks/cm 2 ) prevented the increase in macromolecular permeability compared to saline and olive oil (134.80 ± 1.49 and 121.00 ± 4.93 leaks/cm 2 , respectively). On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially in the triacylglycerol form, could be a promising therapy to prevent microvascular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and its consequent clinical sequelae.