TXNDC5, a newly discovered disulfide isomerase with a key role in cell physiology and pathology

Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, acting as a chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum under not fully characterized conditions As a result, TXNDC5 interacts with many cell proteins, contributing to their proper folding and correct formation of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2014-12, Vol.15 (12), p.23501-23518
Main Authors: Horna-Terrón, Elena, Pradilla-Dieste, Alberto, Sánchez-de-Diego, Cristina, Osada, Jesús
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomarkers
Cellular biology
Diabetes Mellitus - etiology
Enzymes
Humans
Liver Diseases - etiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Protein Binding
Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - chemistry
Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - genetics
Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - metabolism
Proteins
Review
Vertigo - etiology
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Summary:Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, acting as a chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum under not fully characterized conditions As a result, TXNDC5 interacts with many cell proteins, contributing to their proper folding and correct formation of disulfide bonds through its thioredoxin domains. Moreover, it can also work as an electron transfer reaction, recovering the functional isoform of other protein disulfide isomerases, replacing reduced glutathione in its role. Finally, it also acts as a cellular adapter, interacting with the N-terminal domain of adiponectin receptor. As can be inferred from all these functions, TXNDC5 plays an important role in cell physiology; therefore, dysregulation of its expression is associated with oxidative stress, cell ageing and a large range of pathologies such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, vitiligo and virus infections. Its implication in all these important diseases has made TXNDC5 a susceptible biomarker or even a potential pharmacological target.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms151223501