Fourteen monogenic genes account for 15% of nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis

Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition with a high morbidity. Although dozens of monogenic causes have been identified, the fraction of single-gene disease has not been well studied. To determine the percentage of cases that can be molecularly explained by mutations in 1 of 30 known kidney stone g...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2015-03, Vol.26 (3), p.543-551
Main Authors: Halbritter, Jan, Baum, Michelle, Hynes, Ann Marie, Rice, Sarah J, Thwaites, David T, Gucev, Zoran S, Fisher, Brittany, Spaneas, Leslie, Porath, Jonathan D, Braun, Daniela A, Wassner, Ari J, Nelson, Caleb P, Tasic, Velibor, Sayer, John A, Hildebrandt, Friedhelm
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Brief Communications
Child
Cohort Studies
DNA Mutational Analysis
Humans
Mutation, Missense
Nephrocalcinosis - genetics
Nephrolithiasis - genetics
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Summary:Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition with a high morbidity. Although dozens of monogenic causes have been identified, the fraction of single-gene disease has not been well studied. To determine the percentage of cases that can be molecularly explained by mutations in 1 of 30 known kidney stone genes, we conducted a high-throughput mutation analysis in a cohort of consecutively recruited patients from typical kidney stone clinics. The cohort comprised 272 genetically unresolved individuals (106 children and 166 adults) from 268 families with nephrolithiasis (n=256) or isolated nephrocalcinosis (n=16). We detected 50 likely causative mutations in 14 of 30 analyzed genes, leading to a molecular diagnosis in 14.9% (40 of 268) of all cases; 20 of 50 detected mutations were novel (40%). The cystinuria gene SLC7A9 (n=19) was most frequently mutated. The percentage of monogenic cases was notably high in both the adult (11.4%) and pediatric cohorts (20.8%). Recessive causes were more frequent among children, whereas dominant disease occurred more abundantly in adults. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of monogenic causes of kidney stone disease. We suggest that knowledge of the molecular cause of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis may have practical implications and might facilitate personalized treatment.
ISSN:1046-6673
1533-3450
DOI:10.1681/ASN.2014040388