Subcellular Patterning: Axonal Domains with Specialized Structure and Function

Myelinated axons are patterned into discrete and often-repeating domains responsible for the efficient and rapid transmission of electrical signals. These domains include nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments. Disruption of axonal patterning leads to nervous system dysfunction. In this review,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental cell 2015-02, Vol.32 (4), p.459-468
Main Authors: Normand, Elizabeth A., Rasband, Matthew N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Axons - metabolism
Axons - physiology
Cytoskeleton - metabolism
Humans
Myelin Sheath - metabolism
Myelin Sheath - pathology
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - metabolism
Neuroglia - cytology
Neurons - cytology
Neurons - physiology
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Summary:Myelinated axons are patterned into discrete and often-repeating domains responsible for the efficient and rapid transmission of electrical signals. These domains include nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments. Disruption of axonal patterning leads to nervous system dysfunction. In this review, we introduce the concept of subcellular patterning as applied to axons and discuss how these patterning events depend on both intrinsic, cytoskeletal mechanisms and extrinsic, myelinating glia-dependent mechanisms.
ISSN:1534-5807
1878-1551
DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.017