Plant terpenes: defense responses, phylogenetic analysis, regulation and clinical applications

The terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural products and many interesting products are extensively applied in the industrial sector as flavors, fragrances, spices and are also used in perfumery and cosmetics. Many terpenoids have biological activities and also used for medical purposes. I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:3 Biotech 2015-04, Vol.5 (2), p.129-151
Main Authors: Singh, Bharat, Sharma, Ram A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Agriculture
Bioinformatics
Biomaterials
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Clinical trials
Enzymes
Kinases
Phosphorylation
Phylogenetics
Review
Review Article
Stem Cells
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Summary:The terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural products and many interesting products are extensively applied in the industrial sector as flavors, fragrances, spices and are also used in perfumery and cosmetics. Many terpenoids have biological activities and also used for medical purposes. In higher plants, the conventional acetate-mevalonic acid pathway operates mainly in the cytosol and mitochondria and synthesizes sterols, sesquiterpenes and ubiquinones mainly. In the plastid, the non-mevalonic acid pathway takes place and synthesizes hemi-, mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes along with carotenoids and phytol tail of chlorophyll. In this review paper, recent developments in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, indepth description of terpene synthases and their phylogenetic analysis, regulation of terpene biosynthesis as well as updates of terpenes which have entered in the clinical studies are reviewed thoroughly.
ISSN:2190-572X
2190-5738
DOI:10.1007/s13205-014-0220-2