Interrelation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease: Role of TNF

Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Both conditions can lead to increased oxidative stress by excessive release of harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which further promote ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-18
Main Authors: Fischer, Roman, Maier, Olaf
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
B cells
Cytokines
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mutation
Nervous system diseases
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neurons
Oxidative Stress
Parkinson's disease
Proteins
Reactive Nitrogen Species - metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - metabolism
Review
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Both conditions can lead to increased oxidative stress by excessive release of harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which further promote neuronal damage and subsequent inflammation resulting in a feed-forward loop of neurodegeneration. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a master regulator of the immune system, plays an important role in the propagation of inflammation due to the activation and recruitment of immune cells via its receptor TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Moreover, TNFR1 can directly induce oxidative stress by the activation of ROS and RNS producing enzymes. Both TNF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation interact and cooperate to promote neurodegeneration. However, TNF plays a dual role in neurodegenerative disease, since stimulation via its second receptor, TNFR2, is neuroprotective and promotes tissue regeneration. Here we review the interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the two major chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and discuss the dual role of TNF in promoting neurodegeneration and tissue regeneration via its two receptors.
ISSN:1942-0900
1942-0994
DOI:10.1155/2015/610813