Assessing Age-Related Etiologic Heterogeneity in the Onset of Islet Autoimmunity

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic autoimmune disease, is often preceded by a preclinical phase of islet autoimmunity (IA) where the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and circulating autoantibodies can be detected. The goal of this study was to demonstrate methods for identify...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-9
Main Authors: Norris, Jill M., Sontag, Marci K., Crume, Tessa L., Lamb, Molly M., Barón, Anna, Kroehl, Miranda, Frederiksen, Brittni N., Rewers, Marian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age Factors
Age of Onset
Biomedical research
Child
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
Disease
Erythrocyte Membrane - metabolism
Erythrocytes
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Health aspects
Humans
Male
Medical research
Physiological aspects
Public health
Risk Factors
Studies
Type 1 diabetes
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Summary:Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a chronic autoimmune disease, is often preceded by a preclinical phase of islet autoimmunity (IA) where the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and circulating autoantibodies can be detected. The goal of this study was to demonstrate methods for identifying exposures that differentially influence the disease process at certain ages by assessing age-related heterogeneity. The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) has followed 2,547 children at increased genetic risk for T1D from birth since 1993 in Denver, Colorado, 188 of whom developed IA. Using the DAISY population, we evaluated putative determinants of IA, including non-Hispanic white (NHW) ethnicity, maternal age at birth, and erythrocyte membrane n-3 fatty acid (FA) levels, for age-related heterogeneity. A supremum test, weighted Schoenfeld residuals, and restricted cubic splines were used to assess nonproportional hazards, that is, an age-related association of the exposure with IA risk. NHW ethnicity, maternal age, and erythrocyte membrane n-3 FA levels demonstrated a significant age-related association with IA risk. Assessing heterogeneity in disease etiology enables researchers to identify associations that may lead to better understanding of complex chronic diseases.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2015/708289