Dietary tomato powder inhibits alcohol-induced hepatic injury by suppressing cytochrome p450 2E1 induction in rodent models

• Published in: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2015-04, Vol.572, p.81-88
• Main Authors: Stice, Camilla P, Liu, Chun, Aizawa, Koichi, Greenberg, Andrew S, Ausman, Lynne M, Wang, Xiang-Dong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Body Weight - drug effects; Carotenoids - metabolism; Carotenoids - pharmacology; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - genetics; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - biosynthesis; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - metabolism; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Diethylamines - toxicity; Disease Models, Animal; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects; Enzyme Induction - drug effects; Ethanol - adverse effects; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - drug therapy; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - genetics; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - metabolism; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - pathology; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Hepatocytes - drug effects; Hepatocytes - pathology; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Lycopersicon esculentum - chemistry; Mice; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Powders; PPAR alpha - genetics; Rats
• ISSN: 0003-9861; 1096-0384
• DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.004

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption leads to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and greatly increases the risk of liver cancer. Induction of the cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. We investigated the effects of whole tomato (tomato powder, TP), partial tomato (tomato extract, TE), and purified lycopene (LYC) against ALD development in rats. Of the three supplements, only TP reduced the severity of alcohol-induced steatosis, hepatic inflammatory foci, and CYP2E1 protein levels. TE had no effect on these outcomes and LYC greatly increased inflammatory foci in alcohol-fed rats. To further support the protective effect of TP against ALD, TP was supplemented in a carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine, DEN)-initiated alcohol-promoted mouse model. In addition to reduced steatosis and inflammatory foci, TP abolished the presence of preneoplastic foci of altered hepatocytes in DEN-injected mice fed alcohol. These reductions were associated with decreased hepatic CYP2E1 protein levels, restored levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and downstream gene expression, decreased inflammatory gene expression, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. These data provide strong evidence for TP as an effective whole food prevention strategy against ALD.